Browsing by Author "Yılmaz, Onurcan"
Now showing items 1-18 of 18
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Activating reflective thinking with decision justification and debiasing training
Authors:İsler, Ozan; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Doğruyol, Burak
Publisher and Date:(Society for Judgment and Decision making, 2020)Manipulations for activating reflective thinking, although regularly used in the literature, have not previously been systematically compared. There are growing concerns about the effectiveness of these methods as well as increasing demand for them. Here, we study five promising reflection manipulations using an objective performance measure — the Cognitive Reflection Test 2 (CRT-2). In our large-scale preregistered online experiment (N = 1,748), we compared a passive and an active control condition ...
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All the Dark Triad and some of the Big Five traits are visible in the face
Authors:Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Publisher and Date:(Pergamon-Elsevıer Scıence Ltd, 2021)Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However, later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research, to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face, we report three studies, two of which ...
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Are we at all liberal at heart? High-powered tests find no effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations
Authors:Yılmaz, Onurcan; İşler, Ozan; Doğruyol, Burak
Publisher and Date:(Academic Press Inc., 2021)Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common ...
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Cognitive styles and religion
I discuss recent research suggesting that individual differences in cognitive style give rise to and explain religious and related supernatural and paranormal beliefs. To do so, I illustrate intuitive cognitive biases (e.g., anthropomorphism) underlying these beliefs and then review the accumulated evidence indicating that non-believers are more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to holding epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories) on average than those who believe in ...
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Do changes in threat salience predict the moral content of sermons? The case of Friday Khutbas in Turkey
Authors:Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih; Us, Elif Öykü; Yilmaz, Onurcan
Publisher and Date:(Wiley, 2020)We analyzed the content of "Friday Khutbas" delivered in Turkish mosques between January 2001 and December 2018 to test the prediction of moral foundations theory (MFT) literature that threat salience would lead to an increased endorsement of binding moral foundations. As societal-level indicators of threat, we examined (a) historical data on the proportion of terrorism-related news published in a Turkish newspaper, (b) the geopolitical risk score of Turkey as measured by Geopolitical Risk Index, ...
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Does an Abstract Mind-Set Increase the Internal Consistency of Moral Attitudes and Strengthen Individualizing Foundations?
Recent research suggests that experimentally inducing an abstract (vs. a concrete) mind-set enhances political sophistication by increasing the consistency in political attitudes; it also enhances individualizing moral foundations and decreases binding moral foundations. However, the evidence is mixed regarding whether abstract mind-set increases or decreases the strength of moral convictions in general. In this context, the aim of this study was 2-fold. In two preregistered studies on U.S. American ...
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Does intuitive mindset influence belief in God? A registered replication of Shenhav, Rand and Greene (2012)
Authors:Sarıbay, S. Adil; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Körpe, Gülay Gözde
Publisher and Date:(SOC Judgment & Decision Making, 2020)In 2012, two independent groups simultaneously demonstrated that intuitive mindset enhances belief in God. However, there is now some mixed evidence on both the effectiveness of manipulations used in these studies and the effect of mindset manipulation on belief in God. Thus, this proposal attempted to replicate one of those experiments (Shenhav, Rand & Greene, 2012) for the first time in a high-powered experiment using an under-represented population (Turkey). In line with the intuitive belief ...
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The five-factor model of the moral foundations theory is stable across WEIRD and non-WEIRD cultures
Authors:Doğruyol, Burak; Alper, Sinan; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Publisher and Date:(Pergamon-Elsevıer Scıence Ltd, 2019)Although numerous models attempted to explain the nature of moral judgment, moral foundations theory (MFT) led to a paradigmatic change in this field by proposing pluralist "moralities" (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity). The five-factor structure of MFT is thought to be universal and rooted in the evolutionary past but the evidence is scarce regarding the stability of this five-factor structure across diverse cultures. We tested this universality argument in a cross-cultural dataset ...
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How does moral framing affect environmental attitudes: A non-Western replication
Politik olarak sağ ve sol yönelimli bireylerin benimsediği ahlaki temeller farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılık, farklı politik görüşlerden insanların ayrıştığı konulardaki (örn. iklim değişikliği) tutum ve davranış değişikliklerinin araştırılmasında kullanılır. Ancak ahlaki tutumlar kuramının literatürdeki deneysel uygulamaları sınırlı olup, bu konulardaki çalışmalar çoğunlukla korelasyonel araştırmalardan oluşur. Ahlaki temeller, ahlaki çerçeveleme denilen teknikle, çeşitli mesajların ...
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How is the Big Five related to moral and political convictions: The moderating role of the WEIRDness of the culture
There has been extensive research on how the Big Five personality traits are related to political orientation and endorsement of moral foundations. However, recent findings suggest that these relationships may not be cross-culturally stable. We argue that how much a culture is WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) could moderate how the Big Five is related to political and moral convictions. In a sample of 7263 participants from 30 countries, our results showed that the ...
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Inferring political and religious attitudes from composite faces perceived to be related to the dark triad personality traits
We used composite face images perceived to have different levels of Dark Triad personality traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) and asked participants to predict these target individuals' religious and political identities. In Study 1 (N = 550), Turkish participants rated faces with higher levels of perceived Dark Triad traits as less likely to be religious, to believe in God, and more likely to be left-winger, and to vote for a left-leaning party in all categories except for ...
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Intergroup tolerance leads to subjective morality, which in turn is associated with (but does not lead to) reduced religiosity
Authors:Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bahcekapili, Hasan G.; Harma, Mehmet; Sevi, Barış
Publisher and Date:(Sage Publications, 2020)Although the effect of religious belief on morally relevant behavior is well demonstrated, the reverse influence is less known. In this research, we examined the influence of morality on religious belief. In the first study, we used two samples from Turkey and the United States, and specifically tested the hypothesis that intergroup tolerance predicts a shift in meta-ethical views toward subjective morality, which in turn predicts decreased religious belief. To examine the relationship between ...
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Intuition and deliberation in morality and cooperation: An overview of the literature
This chapter focuses on a question that remains in relative neglect in the management literature-whether intuitions support ethical and cooperative behavior. It provides an overview of the literature and discuses the emerging picture on dual-process accounts of morality and cooperation. Despite the growing scholarship on the pros and cons of intuitive managerial decision-making, the literature understandably prioritizes the aspects of strategic business decisions and consequent corporate financial ...
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Psychological correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures: Evidence from Turkey
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research, we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs; (2) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures; and (3) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher ...
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Reflection increases belief in God through self-questioning among non-believers
The dual-process model of the mind predicts that religious belief will be stronger for intuitive decisions, whereas reflective thinking will lead to religious disbelief (i.e., the intuitive religious belief hypothesis). While early research found intuition to promote and reflection to weaken belief in God, more recent attempts found no evidence for the intuitive religious belief hypothesis. Many of the previous studies are underpowered to detect small effects, and it is not clear whether the ...
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Religion, parochialism and intuitive cooperation
Religions promote cooperation, but they can also be divisive. Is religious cooperation intuitively parochial against atheists? Evidence supporting the social heuristics hypothesis (SHH) suggests that cooperation is intuitive, independent of religious group identity. We tested this prediction in a one-shot prisoner's dilemma game, where 1,280 practising Christian believers were paired with either a coreligionist or an atheist and where time limits were used to increase reliance on either intuitive ...
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Rethinking the Golden Age of Social Psychology
It is tragic yet curious to realize that a historical period of great human misery can motivate great scientific endeavour. This paper argues that the "golden age" of social psychology was driven by the traumas of fascism. We first trace the roots of the World War II to modernism. We then compare the social psychological studies conducted before and after the World War II in relation to this historical background and the rationality-irrationality debate. Overall, we present a series of examples ...
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Validation of Morality as Cooperation Questionnaire in Turkey, and Its Relation to Prosociality, Ideology, and Resource Scarcity
Authors:Yılmaz, Onurcan; Harma, Mehmet; Doğruyol, Burak
Publisher and Date:(Hogrefe Publishing GmbH, 2021)The theory of morality as cooperation (MAC) argues that there are seven distinct and evolved universal moral foundations. Curry, Chesters, and Van Lissa (2019) developed a scale to test this theoretical approach and showed that the Relevance subscale of the MAC questionnaire (MAC-Q) fits data well, unlike the Judgment and full-form. However, an independent test of the validity of this questionnaire has not been hitherto conducted, and its relation with ideology is unknown. In the first study, we ...