Focusing on transmit diversity orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission through frequency-selective channels this paper pursues a channel estimation approach in time domain for both space-frequency OFDM (SF-OFDM) and space-time OFDM (ST-OFDM) systems based on AR channel modelling. The paper proposes a computationally efficient pilot-aided linear minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) time-domain channel estimation algorithm for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity in unknown ...

One of the main drawbacks of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is the phase noise (PN) caused by the oscillator instabilities. Unfortunately due to the PN the most valuable feature namely orthogonality between the carriers is destroyed resulting in a significant degradation in the performance of OFDM systems. In this paper based on a sequential Monte Carlo method (particle filtering) a computationally efficient algorithm is presented for estimating the residual phase noise ...

Design education in general includes various design fields such as product design graphic design communication design and design in engineering. Designing as an activity captures all these various fields. Design refers basically to a problem solving method a creative problem solving approach and relevant processes. Design as an activity has always been considered as a creative tool. Design education mainly focuses on enhancing creative approaches with various 2D and 3D project based basic design ...

Applying the new panel unit root test developed in this paper we can overcome the pitfalls of old-fashioned panel unit root tests making it possible for researchers testing individual series for a unit root while taking contemporaneous cross-sectional dependence and structural break into account. The proposed test was used to investigate the status of financial and real integration of China Japan UK the European Union and the United States based on the empirical validity of real interest parity ...

We extend the shell-model Monte Carlo applications to the rare-earth region to include the odd-even nucleus Dy-161. The projection on an odd number of particles leads to a sign problem at low temperatures making it impractical to extract the ground-state energy in direct calculations. We use level counting data at low energies and neutron resonance data to extract the shell model ground-state energy to good precision. We then calculate the level density of Dy-161 and find it in very good agreement ...

This paper analyzes whether and to what extent the inflow of FDI is affected before and after the occurence of a financial crisis in developing countries. The paper uses a semiparametric Generalized Partial Linear Models (GPLM) regression approach to check the appropriateness and effectiveness of financial crisis in the FDI regression model. The results indicate that FDI inflows decrease in the years after a financial crisis and an upturn in FDI inflows the year before a financial crisis hit the country.

As globalization impacts Turkish culture the training and preparation of art teachers is increasingly important because these individuals will play a key role in teaching children how to become visually literate in a quickly changing world. This paper explores the concept of visual culture in Turkey as perceived by eight art teacher instructors teaching at various public universities' educational faculties in Turkey. A phenomenological human science approach was employed in order to develop a ...