This chapter is a comparative study of how three local governments- Cape Town (South Africa) Philadelphia (Pennsylvania USA) and Myrtle Beach (South Carolina USA)-use social media platforms in their city branding attempts. Theoretical arguments in the fi elds of corporate and city branding point out the potential of these new communication platforms to change how brand-related content is created and shared with target audiences. However the practice is understudied. The study fi rst explains the ...

This chapter presents a theoretical look on the available international communication tools that can be used by multinational corporations (MNCs) to engage in diplomatic relations. Specifically the chapter will provide details about three concepts: lobbying nation brands and commercial diplomacy. The research objective is to propose a conceptual framework that (i) explains when and how a specific tool should be used and (ii) demonstrates the inherent connection between the tools. The main assumption ...

Trade and macroeconomic policies in Turkey evolved from import substitution to export promotion and liberalization of commodity and capital markets after 1980. During the 1980s and 1990s Turkey’s exports and imports and their shares in GDP demonstrated an increasing trend. The share of exports in GDP increased from 4.2% in 1980 to 20.3% in 2005 and that of imports rose from 11.4 to 32.2%. Import liberalization was accomplished during the second half of the 1990s and at around the same time direct ...

Despite growing global concerns regarding the reliability of the American economy in general and the Dollar as a Negotiated Currency in particular US-shaped regime of international finance will survive the present difficulties. This is mainly due to the fact that China would be predisposed to maintain its backing of the US Dollar not to harm it because it staked a massive economic and political capital in that. Beijing has so far persisted in assisting the global value of the US Dollar (sacrificing ...

Family policies impact the life of every citizen in a society at a very private level. Their content as well as the processes through which they are formed and altered documents the powers that shape the lives of families at the macrolevel. In this chapter we aim to document the current state as well as the change processes of the family policies in Turkey a country of socioeconomic variety and rapid change. Here we will give precedence to the aspects of family policy that are explicitly linked ...