Browsing by Author "Pekcan, Önder"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 102

Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Group Behaviour in Physical Chemical and Biological Systems
(Indıan Acad Scıences, 2014) Saçlıoğlu, Cihan; Pekcan, Önder; Nanjundiah, Vidyanand
Groups exhibit properties that either are not perceived to exist or perhaps cannot exist at the individual level. Such 'emergent' properties depend on how individuals interact both among themselves and with their surroundings. The world of everyday objects consists of material entities. These are ultimately groups of elementary particles that organize themselves into atoms and molecules occupy space and so on. It turns out that an explanation of even the most commonplace features of this world requires relativistic quantum field theory and the fact that Planck's constant is discrete not zero. Groups of molecules in solution in particular polymers ('sols') can form viscous clusters that behave like elastic solids ('gels'). Sol-gel transitions are examples of cooperative phenomena. Their occurrence is explained by modelling the statistics of inter-unit interactions: the likelihood of either state varies sharply as a critical parameter crosses a threshold value. Group behaviour among cells or organisms is often heritable and therefore can evolve. This permits an additional typically biological explanation for it in terms of reproductive advantage whether of the individual or of the group. There is no general agreement on the appropriate explanatory framework for understanding group-level phenomena in biology.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Kinetic Models for the Dynamical Behavior of Polyacrylamide (paam)-Kappa (kappa C) Composite Gels
(Springer, 2015) Evingür, Gülşen Akın; Pekcan, Önder
A fluorescence method was employed for studying the drying and swelling of PAAm-kappa C composite gels which were formed from acrylamide (AAm) and N N'- methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) with various kappa-carrageenan (kappa C) contents by free radical crosslinking copolymerization in water. Composite gels were prepared at 80 A degrees C with pyranine (Py) as a fluorescence probe. Scattered light I (sc) and fluorescence emission intensities I (em) were monitored during drying and swelling of these gels. The fluorescence intensity of pyranine increased and decreased as drying and swelling time are increased respectively for all gel samples. The Stern-Volmer equation combined with moving boundary and Li-Tanaka models were used to explain the behavior of I (em) during drying and swelling processes respectively. It is found that the desorption coefficient D (d) decreased as kappa C contents were increased for a given temperature during drying. However the cooperative diffusion coefficient D (s) presented exactly the opposite case. Conventional gravimetrical and volumetric experiments were also carried out during drying and swelling of PAAm-kappa C composite gels. It was observed that D (d) and D (s) values measured with the fluorescence method were found to be much larger than they were measured with the conventional methods.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Temperature Effect on the Elasticity of Acrylamide-N Copolymers
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Evingür, Gülşen Akin; Pekcan, Önder
Acrylamide (AAm) - N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) copolymers were prepared via free radical crosslinking copolymerization with various weight percentages (wt%) of AAm and NIPA. The temperature dependence of the compressive elastic modulus G and toughness U-TU- of the PAAm- NIPA copolymers due to a volume phase transition was found using a compressive testing technique. It was observed that the compressive elastic modulus increased comprehensively when the temperature was increased between 30 degrees C and 60 degrees C. The PAAm- NIPA copolymers presented higher values of the compressive elastic modulus than pure NIPA above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (NIPA exhibits a volume phase transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in water at 31 degrees C) and their compressive elastic modulus and toughness had a strong temperature dependence.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Fluorescence and Photon Transmission Techniques for Studying Film Formation From Ps/Go Nanocomposites
(SPRINGER, 2020) M. Selin, Sunay; Şaziye, Uğur; Pekcan, Önder
Steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis techniques were used to study the film formation behavior of composites consisting of pyrene (P)-labeled polystyrene (PS) latex and graphene oxide (GO) in terms of PS latex/GO volume fraction. PS/GO composite films were prepared on glass substrates with different volume fractions of PS and GO using the drop casting method at room temperature. The film formation behavior of these composites was studied by annealing them at a temperature range of 100-300 degrees C and monitoring the scattered light intensity (I-sc), fluorescence intensity (I-P) from P and transmitted light intensity (I-tr) through the films after each annealing step. The optical results indicate that PS/GO composites showed complete film formation independent of GO volume fraction. The morphological changes in the films were also found to be in consistent with these results.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 10
Film Formation of Nano-Sized Hard Latex (ps) in Soft Polymer Matrix (pba): an Excimer Study
(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2010) Uğur, Şaziye; Sunay, Selin; Pekcan, Önder
This work reports steady state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from pyrene (P)labeled nano-sized polystyrene (PS) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) hard/soft latex blends. Blend films were prepared from mixtures of PS and PBA in dispersion. Eight different blend films were prepared in various hard/soft latex compositions at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures above glass transition temperature (T(g)) of polystyerene. Monomer (I(P)) and excimer (I(E)) intensities from P was measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. The evolution of transparency of latex films was monitored using photon transmission intensity I(tr). Film morphologies were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that as the amount of hard component (PS) in the blend is decreased a significant change occurred in both I(E)/I(P) and I(tr) curves at a certain critical weight fraction (50 wt%) of PS hard latex. Two distinct film formation stages which are named as void closure and interdiffusion were seen in (I(E)/I(P)) data above this fraction. However below 50 wt% PS no film formation was observed. AFM pictures also confirmed these findings. Void closure and interdiffusion stages for (50-100) wt% range of PS were modeled and related activation energies were determined. There was no observable change in activation energies confirming that film formation behavior is not affected by varying the blend composition in this range. POLYM. COMPOS. 31:16111619 2010. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fluorescence Study of Film Formation From Ps Latex-Tio2 Composites: Effects of Tio2 Content Film Thickness and Particle Size
(Amer Scientific Publishers, 2015) Ugur, Saziye; Sunay, M. Selin; Pekcan, Önder
Steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique in conjunction with UV-visible (UVV) technique atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used for studying film formation from TiO2 covered polystyrene (PS) latex particles. The effects of TiO2 content film thickness and PS particle size on film formation and structure properties of PS/TiO2 composites are studied. For this purpose in the first part two different sets of PS films with thicknesses of 5 and 20 mu m were prepared from pyrene-(P-) labeled PS particles (320 nm) and covered with various layers of TiO2 with the use of dip-coating method. These films were then annealed at elevated temperatures above glass transition temperature (T-g) of PS in the range of 100-280 degrees C. Fluorescence emission intensity I-p from P and transmitted light intensity I-tr were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. The results show that film formation from PS latexes occurs on the top surface of PS/TiO2 composites and thus develop independent from TiO2 content for both film sets. However the surface morphology of the films was found to vary with both TiO2 content and film thickness. After removal of PS thin films provide a quite ordered porous structure while thick films show nonporous structure. In the second Part two film series were prepared from PS particles with diameters of 203 nm (SmPS) and 382 nm (LgPS) covered with different layers of TiO2 and annealed at elevated temperatures. Results reveal that SmPS/TiO2 films undergo complete film formation independent of the TiO2 content. However no film formation occurs above a certain TiO2 content in LgPS/TiO2 films. SEM images demonstrate that SmPS/TiO2 films have highly well-ordered microporous structures with increasing TiO2 content after extraction of PS polymer whereas LgPS/TiO2 composites show no porous structure for high TiO2 content. Our experiments also show that porous TiO2 films with different sizes could successfully be prepared with this technique.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Effect of Calcium Ion Concentration on Small Molecule Desorption From Alginate Beads
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2014) Evingür, Gülşen Akin; Kaygusuz, Hakan; Erim, F. Bedia; Pekcan, Önder
Spherical alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation of sodium alginate through the use of calcium ions. Pyranine (Py) was added to the alginate solution as a small molecule probe for fluorescence studies. Desorption of Py in water from the alginate beads cross-linked with calcium ions was studied by using the steady state fluorescence technique. The fluorescence emission intensity (I) from Py was monitored during the desorption process at 512 nm using the time drive mode of the spectrofluorometer. The increase in I was attributed to Py release from the beads. The Fickian diffusion model was used to calculate the desorption coefficients D which were found to be increased up to 3% (w/v) CaCl2 concentration in the beads and then decreased with a further increase of CaCl2 content. On the other hand the encapsulation efficiency of Py in the calcium alginate beads presented the reverse behavior compared to D. It was observed that when the content of CaCl2 was increased the incubation time t(0) for the start of desorption increased.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Gelation Electrical Conductivity and Elasticity of Pam- Mwnt
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2011) Evingür, Gülşen Akin; Pekcan, Önder
Polyacrylamide- Multiwalled carbonnanotube (PAM- MWNT) composites were prepared via free radical crosslinking copolymerization with different amounts of MWNT varying in the range between 0.1 and 15 wt. %. PAM- MWNT composite gels were characterized by fluorescence dielectric spectroscopy and the tensile testing technique. A small content of doped nanotubes dramatically changed gelation time conductivity and young modulus respectively. The gel fraction exponent ? of PAM- MWNT composite gels were measured for various monomer and MWNT concentrations and observed that the gel fraction exponent ? agrees best with the percolation theory for various amounts of PAM- MWNT. These polymer systems which are initially of an isolator character are doped with carbon nanotubes of nano dimensions and when the amount of this addition exceeds a critical value (0.3 wt. % MWNT) known as the percolation threshold then composite gel systems with carbon nanotubes become electrically conducting structures with a critical exponent around r=2 which is close to the theoretical prediction of this value in 3D percolated system as known random resistor network. The observed elasticities are decreased above 3 wt. %MWNT with critical exponent around y=0.72 which is indicative of a transition from liquid-like to solid-like viscoelastic behavior. © 2011 Materials Research Society.
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 11
The Ws(2)dependence on the Elasticity and Optical Band Gap Energies of Swollen Paam Composites
(Sage Publications, 2020) Evingür, Gülsen Akın; Sağlam, Nafia Alara; Çimen, Büşra; Uysal, Bengü Özuğur; Pekcan, Önder
New generation nano-filler polymer composites have many applications including biomedical, electronic and maritime related applications because of their mechanical, electronic and optical properties. The properties of composites were investigated as a function of nano-filler content. Among these, tungsten disulfide (WS2) has the potential to be used as a component in electronic devices owing to its high electron mobility and easily tunable optical band gap energy. Tungsten disulfide (WS2)- Polyacrylamide (PAAm) composite was prepared using free radical co-polymerization and wet laboratory methods with WS(2)content. Composites were characterized for mechanical and optical properties using an Elasticity Instrument and UV-vis Spectrophotometer, respectively. Elastic modulus was modeled by a statistical thermodynamics model. Tauc's and Urbach's Tail model for direct transition were used to model for the optical band gap. In this study, the swelling and WS(2)effect on the optical band gap and elasticity of WS2- PAAm composites were investigated. It was observed that the elasticity presented a reversed behavior of optical band gap energies with respect to WS(2)content. For the applications of nano-filler doped polymer composites in flexible electronic devices, WS(2)content strongly influences the mechanical and optical properties.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 3
Drying of Polyacrylamide-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (mwnt) Composites With Various Mwnts Contents: a Fluorescence Study
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2013) Evingür, Gülşen Akin; Pekcan, Önder
We studied the drying of polyacrylamide (PAAm)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites prepared by free radical crosslinking copolymerization in water with a steady state fluorescence technique. Composite gels were prepared at room temperature with pyranine (Py) doped as a fluorescence probe. Drying experiments were performed in air at various MWNT contents by real time monitoring of the Py fluorescence intensity (I) which increased as the drying proceeded. The Stern-Volmer equation combined with the moving boundary diffusion model was used to explain the behavior of I during drying. It was observed that the desorption coefficient (D) increased as the temperature increased. Drying energies (Delta E) were measured for the drying processes for each MWNT content gel by using fluorescence gravimetrical and volumetric methods. It is understood that Delta E values decrease by increasing MWNT content until 1 wt % MWNT and then increase above the level of this threshold value. The energy of drying is strongly correlated with the MWNT content in the composite. Delta E drops to its lowest value at which conducting cluster starts to appear.
Graphene Oxide-Polyacrylamide Composites: Optical and Mechanical Characterizations
(Wiley Blackwell, 2019) Evingür, G.A.; Pekcan, Önder
Graphene oxide (GO) is a two-dimensional carbon material with similar one-atom thickness, and is a light material having extremely high strength and thermal stability [1]. Thus, GO is an efficient filler for the enhancement of the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of composite materials [2]. We focused on GO as a nanofiller in polyacrylamide hydrogels and GO-PAAm composites to investigate the optical and mechanical properties of the composites in this chapter. Gelation, fractal analysis, and optical energy band gap measurements of the composites were performed by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The sol-gel phase transition and its universality were monitored and tested as a function of GO contents. The geometrical distribution of GO during gelation was presented by the fractal analysis. The fractal dimension of the composite gels was estimated based on the power law exponent values using scaling models. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to investigate the behavior of optical band gap of GO-PAAm composites. On the other hand, mechanical measurements were employed to determine toughness and compressive modulus of the polymer composites before and after swelling. The behavior of compressive modulus was explained by the theory of rubber elasticity. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 17
Citation - Scopus: 16
Cation Effect on Slow Release From Alginate Beads: a Fluorescence Study
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2014) Kaygusuz, Hakan; Erim, F. Bedia; Pekcan, Önder; Evingür, Gülşen Akin
In this study spherical alginate beads containing pyranine (P-y) as a fluorescence probe were prepared by ionotropic gelation of a sodium alginate solution. The steady state fluorescence technique was used to study pyranine release from the alginate beads crosslinked with calcium barium and aluminum ions respectively. The slow release of P-y was observed with the time drive mode of the spectrophotometer at 512 nm. Fluorescence emission intensity (I-p) from P-y was monitored during the release process and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of pyranine from the alginate beads was calculated. The Fickian Diffusion model was used to measure the release coefficients D-sl. It was seen that the slow release coefficients of pyranine from the alginate beads crosslinked with Ca2+ Ba2+ and Al3+ ions increased in the following order: D-sl (Al3+)> D-sl (Ca2+)> D-sl (Ba2+). In contrast the initial amount of pyranine and EE into the beads showed the reverse behavior.
Effect of Content and Temperature on the Phase Transitions of Polymer Composites Doped by Kappa Carrageenan and Alginate
(Elsevier Academic Press Inc, 2016) Evingür, Gülşen Akın; Pekcan, Önder
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Temperature Dependence of Oxygen Diffusion Into Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Yargı, Önder; Uğur, Şaziye; Pekcan, Önder
This study examines the transport properties of polystyrene (PS)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composite films taking into consideration both MWNT composition and temperature via fluorescence technique. Three different (3 15 and 40 wt%) MWNT content films were prepared from PS/MWNT mixtures by annealing them at 170 degrees C above the glass transition temperature of PS for 10 min. The diffusivity of the PS/MWNT composite was determined by performing oxygen (O2) diffusion measurements within a temperature range of 24 to 70 degrees C for each film and pyrene (P) was used as the fluorescent probe. The diffusion coefficients (D) of oxygen were determined by the fluorescence quenching method assuming Fickian transport. Results indicated that D values are strongly dependent on both temperature and the MWNT content in the film and it was also observed that D coefficients obey Arrhenius behavior from which diffusion energies were produced and increased along with increases of MWNT content. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2012. (C) 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 14
Superelastic Percolation Network of Polyacrylamide (paam)-Kappa Carrageenan (kappa C) Composite
(Springer, 2013) Evingür, Gülşen Akin; Pekcan, Önder
The elasticity of the polyacrylamide (PAAm)-kappa carrageenan (kappa C) composite was determined as a function of (w/v-%) kappa C content at 40 A degrees C. The gel composites studied contained various percentages (w/v-%) of kappa C. The elasticity of the swollen PAAm-kappa C composite was characterized by using the tensile testing technique. This study investigated the elasticity and the percolation threshold of PAAm-kappa C composite as a function of kappa C content. It is understood that the compressive elastic modulus decreases up to 1 (w/v-%) of kappa C and then increases at contents above 1(w/v-%) of kappa C. The critical exponent of elasticity y was determined between 1 and 1.6 (w/v-%) of kappa C and found to be 0.68. The observed elastic percolation threshold is consistent with the suggested values of the superelastic percolation network.
Citation - WoS: 85
Citation - Scopus: 89
Electrical and Optical Percolations of Polystyrene Latex-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2010) Kara, Selim; Arda, Ertan; Dolastir, Fahrettin; Pekcan, Önder
Electrical conductivity and optical transmittance properties of polystyrene (PS)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite films were investigated. Composite films were prepared by mixing of various mass fractions of MWCNT in PS-water dispersions. After water evaporates powder composite films were annealed at 175 degrees C above the glass transition of PS for 20 min. Photon transmission and two point probe resistivity techniques were employed to determine the variations of the optical and the electrical properties of composites. Transmitted light intensity I(tr) and surface resistivity R(s) were monitored as a function of MWCNT mass fraction (M). It was observed that both the surface resistivity and the optical transparency were decreased by increasing the amount of MWCNT added to the polymeric system. Conductivity and optical results were interpreted according to the classical and site percolation theory respectively. The electrical (sigma) and the optical (op) percolation threshold values and critical exponents were calculated as M(sigma) = 1.8 wt.% M(op) = 0-0.13 wt.% and beta(sigma) = 2.25 beta(op) = 0.32 respectively. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 1
Energy Needs for Drying of Paam- Kappa C Composites Prepared With Various Kappa C Contents
(European Polymer Federation, 2011) Pekcan, Önder; Evingür, Gülşen Akın
Various polyacrylamide (PAAm) - Kappa Carrageenan (kappa C) composite gels were prepared from acrylamide (AAm) N N'- methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and different kappa C contents by free radical crosslinking copolymerization in water. Pyranine (P) was introduced as a fluorescence probe and scattered light I-sc and fluorescence intensities I from these gels were monitored during drying at different temperature. The fluorescence intensity of pyranine increased as drying time is increased for all samples. The behavior of I was quantified using the Stern-Volmer equation with moving boundary diffusion model. Desorption coefficient D increased as temperature was increased for a given kappa C content. Supporting gravimetrical and volumetric experiments were also carried out during drying of PAAm-kappa C composite gels. The energy Delta E values were measured for the drying processes for each kappa C content gel by using fluorescence gravimetrical and volumetric methods respectively. It is understood that Delta E values increase by increasing kappa C content indicating that energy needs for the drying of high kappa C content gel is larger than low kappa C content gel.
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 14
Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (mwnt) on the Behavior of Swelling of Polyacrylamide-Mwnt Composites
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Evingür, Gülşen Akin; Pekcan, Önder
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of multiwalled carbon nanotube in the swelling of polyacrylamide-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. Swelling experiments were performed in water at various temperatures by real-time monitoring of the decrease in pyranine (Py) and emission light intensity (I-em). The Stern-Volmer equation is modified for low-quenching efficiencies to interpret the behavior of pyranine intensity during the swelling of polyacrylamide-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. The Li-Tanaka equation was used to determine the swelling time constants tau and cooperative diffusion coefficients D from fluorescence intensity weight and volume variations of the composite at various temperatures. It was observed that when tau decreased naturally D increased by increasing temperatures.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
A Comparison of Fluorescence and Uv-Visible Spectrometry Techniques for Thermal Phase Transitions of Agarose Gels
(Springer, 2015) Arda, Ertan; Kara, Selim; Mergen, Ömer Bahadır; Pekcan, Önder
In this study thermoreversible phase transitions of high (HMP) and low (LMP) melting point agarose gels were investigated by using the UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Pyranine was added to the aqueous solution of agarose as a fluorescence-probe. Transmitted light (I (tr)) and fluorescence emission (I (fl)) intensities from the gel samples with different agarose concentrations were monitored during the heating (gel-sol) and cooling (sol-gel) processes. For the both techniques gel-sol (T (gs)) and sol-gel (T (sg)) transition temperatures were determined from the first derivatives of the sigmoidal transition paths. It was observed that the critical transition temperatures obtained from UV-vis and fluorescence data slightly increased depending on the agarose type and concentration and those values were found to be in accord with each other. Transition activation energies were determined using the Arrhenius type equation and were found to be strongly correlated with the agarose content in the gel system. The produced gel-sol (Delta E (gs)) and sol-gel (Delta E (sg)) transition energies from the fluorescence data were found to be lower than that of the UV-vis data which was attributed to the temperature-dependent fluorescence quenching effect.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Paam-Kappa Carrageenan Composites: Drying and Swelling With Various Kappa Carrageenan Contents
(Polish Acad Sciences Inst Physics, 2012) Akın-Evingür, Gülşen; Pekcan, Önder
The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of kappa-carrageenan (kappa-car) in the drying and swelling of polyacrylamide (PAAm)-kappa-car composite. The fluorescence intensity of pyranine increased and decreased as drying and swelling time were increased respectively for all samples. The desorption coefficient D-d decreased as kappa-car contents were increased for a given temperature during drying. However cooperative diffusion coefficient D-s increased as kappa-car contents were increased during swelling at a given temperature.