Browsing by Author "Sarac,M."
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Conference Object Citation Count: 0Effect of Hand and Object Visibility in Navigational Tasks Based on Rotational and Translational Movements in Virtual Reality(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Hatira,A.; Gelmez,Z.E.; Batmaz,A.U.; Sarac,M.During object manipulation in Virtual Reality (VR) systems, realistically visualizing avatars and objects can hinder user performance and experience by complicating the task or distracting the user from the environment due to possible occlusions. Users might feel the urge to go through biomechanical changes, such as re-positioning the head to visualize the interaction area. In this paper, we investigate the effect of hand avatar and object visibility in navigational tasks using a VR headset. We performed two user studies where participants grasped a small, cylindrical object and navigated it through the virtual obstacles performing rotational or translational movements. We used three different visibility conditions for the hand avatar (opaque, transparent, and invisible) and two conditions for the object (opaque and transparent). Our results indicate that participants performed faster and with fewer collisions using the invisible and transparent hands compared to the opaque hand and fewer collisions with the opaque object compared to the transparent one. Furthermore, participants preferred to use the combination of the transparent hand avatar with the opaque object. The findings of this study might be useful to researchers and developers in deciding the visibility/transparency conditions of hand avatars and virtual objects for tasks that require precise navigational activities. © 2024 IEEE.Conference Object Citation Count: 0Eye-Hand Coordination Training: A Systematic Comparison of 2D, VR, and AR Display Technologies and Task Instructions(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Aliza,A.; Zaugg,I.; Celik,E.; Stuerzlinger,W.; Ortega,F.R.; Batmaz,A.U.; Sarac,M.Previous studies on Eye-Hand Coordination Training (EHCT) focused on the comparison of user motor performance across different hardware with cross-sectional studies. In this paper, we compare user motor performance with an EHCT setup in Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and on a 2D touchscreen display in a longitudinal study. Through a ten-day user study, we thoroughly analyzed the motor performance of twenty participants with five task instructions focusing on speed, error rate, accuracy, precision, and none. As a novel evaluation criterion, we also analyzed the participants' performance in terms of effective throughput. The results showed that each task instruction has a different effect on one or more psychomotor characteristics of the trainee, which highlights the importance of personalized training programs. Regarding different display technologies, the majority of participants could see more improvement in VR than in 2D or AR. We also identified that effective throughput is a good candidate for monitoring overall motor performance progress in EHCT systems. © 2024 IEEE.Conference Object Citation Count: 0EyeGuide & EyeConGuide: Gaze-based Visual Guides to Improve 3D Sketching Systems(Association for Computing Machinery, 2024) Turkmen,R.; Gelmez,Z.E.; Batmaz,A.U.; Stuerzlinger,W.; Asente,P.; Sarac,M.; Machuca,M.D.B.Visual guides help to align strokes and raise accuracy in Virtual Reality (VR) sketching tools. Automatic guides that appear at relevant sketching areas are convenient to have for a seamless sketching with a guide. We explore guides that exploit eye-tracking to render them adaptive to the user's visual attention. EyeGuide and EyeConGuide cause visual grid fragments to appear spatially close to the user's intended sketches, based on the information of the user's eye-gaze direction and the 3D position of the hand. Here we evaluated the techniques in two user studies across simple and complex sketching objectives in VR. The results show that gaze-based guides have a positive effect on sketching accuracy, perceived usability and preference over manual activation in the tested tasks. Our research contributes to integrating gaze-contingent techniques for assistive guides and presents important insights into multimodal design applications in VR. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s)Conference Object Citation Count: 0Subtask-Based Virtual Hand Visualization Method for Enhanced User Accuracy in Virtual Reality Environments(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Voisard,L.; Hatira,A.; Bashar,M.R.; Gemici,M.; Sarac,M.; Kereten-Oertel,M.; Batmaz,A.U.In the virtual hand interaction techniques, the opacity of the virtual hand avatar can potentially obstruct users' visual feedback, leading to detrimental effects on accuracy and cognitive load. Given that the cognitive load is related to gaze movements, our study focuses on analyzing the gaze movements of participants across opaque, transparent, and invisible hand visualizations in order to create a new interaction technique. For our experimental setup, we used a Purdue Pegboard Test with reaching, grasping, transporting, and inserting subtasks. We examined how long and where participants concentrated on these subtasks and, using the findings, introduced a new virtual hand visualization method to increase accuracy. We hope that our results can be used in future virtual reality applications where users have to interact with virtual objects accurately. © 2024 IEEE.