Doktora Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/7776

Browse

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

An Analysis of Turkish Foreign Policy Toward the Turkic World: Identity and Institutionalisation
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2022) KOÇOĞLU, LÜTFİ; Celikpala, Mitat
The evolving identity literature pays insufficient attention to interactions among states that share a common or similar identity. As a result, this dissertation prefers to investigate inter-state relations among states that claim a common or similar identity. It reveals states' historical experiences and questions the extent of cooperation and the motivations for collaboration in a single framework. Understanding Turkic identity and its influence on Turkish Foreign Policy, revealing Turkey's and the Turkic World's historical experiences, and questioning the motivation of states in relations between Turkey and the Turkic World, primarily through the Organization of Turkic States, have been chosen as foci in this regard. The Turkic World became of particular interest to international relations and political science researchers at the end of the twentieth century due to its geopolitical and geostrategic location and the potential of its natural resources. As a result, during this period, the quantity of research on the dynamics of the Turkic World and relations between Turkey and the Turkic World founded on common identities, values, and goals increased. This research investigates Turkic identity and its impact on Turkish foreign policy, particularly since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In this regard, it examines Turkey's foreign policy from Özal's administration in 1989 to the AKP's presidency in 2023. The historical context of Turkish Foreign Policy and the institutional progress in Turkey-Turkic World interactions from the first Turkic-speaking states' summits (Ankara Summit on October 30-31, 1992) to the Organization of Turkic States have been investigated, and the findings presented herein to analyze Turkish Foreign Policy over the last three decades and comprehend the Turkic identity's influence on it.
Continental Powers and Quest for Status: a Comparative Study of Sultan Abdülaziz's Fleet (1861-1876)
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Alioğlu, Mehmet; Güvenç, Serhat
In this study, the Ottoman Fleet during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz is taken as a case that stands out as a Nineteenth Century precursor to subsequent efforts by continental powers, Kaiser Wilhelm II's Germany and Stalin's USSR, to build sub-optimal fleets in the Twentieth Century. Therefore, these two cases are added in order to answer the following question: why do continental powers establish or try to acquire naval power beyond levels needed for the physical security of the state? In the first chapter, the purpose, the scope, and the methodology are presented. In the second chapter, the theoretical framework of the study is established and why a Constructivist theoretical framework is preferred over a Realist one is explained. The third chapter is devoted to the study of Ottoman sea power from historical and theoretical perspectives. As a result, the Ottoman Empire is identified as a continental power. In the fourth chapter, the strategic needs of the Ottoman Empire are studied to identify physical threats to the state from a historical perspective. The fifth chapter covers the fleet of Sultan Abdülaziz and its evaluation against potential threats. The inquiry made shows that Sultan Abdülaziz's Fleet was not commensurate with the threats it was supposed to counter. Therefore, it was an irrational arming decision. As a result, it is studied from a struggle for recognition perspective which fits in with the Ottoman naval expansion during the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz. In the sixth and seventh chapters, the German and the Soviet naval expansions are evaluated against the threats these states faced. As a result, the German and Soviet fleets during the reigns of Kaiser Wilhelm II and Joseph Stalin are identified as inappropriate tools against the physical threats they were supposed to counter. They instead fit better in a struggle for recognition perspective. Then Ottoman, German, and Soviet naval expansions are comparatively evaluated to answer the question of why continental powers establish or try to acquire naval power beyond levels needed for the physical security of the state. In this context this study concludes that all three states tried to acquire status through naval power. Hence, Constructivism offers a better explanation of continental states' over-investments in naval power.
Explaining the Rise of the Radical Right Within the European Context: the Case of Golden Dawn
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Bilginer, Emre Metin
Bu tez, Avrupalı radikal sağ hareketlerin yükselişine ilişkin Yunanistan örneğini tarihsel arka plana oturtarak teorik bir yaklaşımla analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yunanistan örneği ekonomik kriz ve mülteci krizi sonrasında ön plana çıktı. Eş zamanlı olarak Yunan Neo-Nazi Altın Şafak Partisi 2012 yılında Yunan Parlamentosuna girmeyi başardı ve Yunanistan siyaset arenasında bir fenomen haline geldi. Milliyetçi düşünün ortaya çıkışı ile radikal sağın yükselişi arasındaki korelasyonun incelenmesi, Yunanistan örneğini derinlemesine anlamamıza yardımcı olacaktır. Altın Şafak'ın aniden ön plana çıkışı, ekonomik kriz veya mülteci akını gibi tek bir olguyla açıklanmaktan ziyade Avrupa'da ve özellikle Yunanistan'da milliyetçiliğin tarihsel arka planı dikkate alınarak incelenmelidir. Bu çalışma, konuyla ilgili temel argümanları teorik yönleriyle ele almakta ve bunları milliyetçi düşünce teorileri ile ilgilenen farklı akademisyenlerin önemli bakış açılarını bir araya getirmektedir. Radikal sağ siyasetin örgütsel yapısını teorik bir çerçeve bağlamında tanımlamak, milliyetçilik çalışmalarında ülkeye özgü faktörleri kavramak açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın benimsediği çerçeve küreselleşmenin milliyetçilik üzerindeki etkisidir ve bu çalışma her şeyden önce mevcut durumu majör teoriler aracılığıyla analiz eder. Milliyetçiliğin radikal hareketler üzerindeki küresel etkisi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir, zira radikal sağ hareketler özellikle son iki yüzyıldır bulaşıcı bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu tez, milliyetçiliğin ve Altın Şafak örneğinde olduğu gibi ilgili radikal sağ hareketlerin yenilenebilir materyaller olduklarını, uygun şartlarda yeniden ortaya çıkabileceklerini anlatmayı amaçlamaktadır.
In Search of a Comprehensive Approach To Improve Civil-Military Cooperation: the Cases of Ifor, Sfor, Kfor and Isaf
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Palaz, Mehmet
1990'lı yılların başlarından itibaren Yugoslavya'nın dağılması sürecinde yaşanan savaş ve müteakiben önce Bosna-Hersek ve daha sonra Kosova'da icra edilen Barış Harekâtları sivil ve asker oluşumların harekât alanında daha önce olmadığı kadar yakınlaşmasına ve birlikte hareket etmesine neden oldu. Bu ortamda, bir yanda acil insani desteğe muhtaç halk, bir yanda organizasyonlar ve diğer yanda uluslararası askeri oluşum olmak üzere birçok aktör bulunmaktaydı. Bu durum sivil ve asker unsurların eşgüdüm ve işbirliği yapmalarını zorunlu kılıyordu. Sivil-Asker İşbirliği (SAİ)'nin ortaya çıkışı olarak ifade edilen bu gelişme aslında bir sivil-asker yakınlaşması sürecinin de başlangıcıdır. Balkanlardaki sürecin ardından 11 Eylül saldırıları sonrasında Afganistan'a yapılan müdahaleler esnasında, SAİ'nin de içinde olduğu bir kapsamlı yaklaşım modeli uygulanmaya çalışıldı. Bunun görünür şekli Bölgesel İmar Ekipleri (BİE)'dir. Kapsamlı Yaklaşım'ın benimsenmesinde, Balkanlar ve Afganistan tecrübeleri göz önüne alınarak, askerlerin mevcut ortamda tek başlarına güvenliği sağlayamayacak olduğu kabulü etkili olmuştur. Takip eden süreçte Kırım'ın ilhakı, Ukrayna krizi ve bunların getirdiği Hibrit Tehdit ve Hibrit Savaş tartışmaları Kapsamlı Yaklaşım modelinin daha fazla benimsenmesine yol açtı. Bu tartışmalarla birlike beklenmeyen şoklara karşı esnek olma olarak tercüme edilen Elastikiyet (Resilience) kavramı ile Kesişen Konular olarak adlandırılan konular daha fazla gündeme gelmiştir.
The Intentions and Capabilities of Turkey as a Regional Power: a Structural Realist Analysis (2012-2014)
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2015) Çelik, Nihat; Yfantis, Konstantinos
With the post-Cold War developments Turkey found a suitable environment to assert itself as a regional leader in the Balkans and Middle East. In this vein mediation became a tool for advancing Turkey's regional role with the Justice and Development Party rule that started in 2002. The aim of this study is to show Turkey's motivations in acting as a mediator while highlighting its capabilities and limits in the aforementioned regions based on case-studies of Turkey's mediation initiatives. It will be argued that Turkey as an emerging middle-power faces important limitations with regards to material capabilities and also resistance from regional and global actors against its regional leadership role.
National İdentities, Regional Fragmentation And The Prospect Of Building A Security Community İn The South Caucasus Güney Kafkasya'da Ulusal Kimlikler, Bölgesel Çözülme ve Güvenlik Topluluğu Kurma Perspektifi
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Gadımova, Nazrın; Triantafyllou, Dimitrios
Despite sharing geographical borders and a common historical legacy, the South Caucasus remains a divided region in political terms, as Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia do not share a common regional identity and have different visions of the future. This thesis aims to find the correlation between national identities and the current regional fragmentation of the South Caucasus, as well as to define the elements necessary for the formation of a security community in the region. In this regard, the thesis comprises two discussions in analysis of the factors that are interrelated with the national identities of the three states. The first discussion introduces the role of domestic factors in the current situation in the South Caucasus and analyzes the influence of societies and national identities in regional relations. The second discussion analyzes to what extent their foreign policy orientations are defined by national identities, including linguistic and cultural affinities and memory of the past, or the existing global order and pragmatic calculations. The methodology of the study includes analysis of the recent history of the South Caucasus and the theoretical basis of security communities, explaining different aspects necessary for successful regional cooperation. Interviews with local and international experts contribute to the study by presenting different visions of the origins of regional fragmentation and different solutions to the existing situation. While the establishment of cooperation at the level of a security community requires both domestic transformation and favorable international conditions, this thesis aims to show that proper policies of the states of the South Caucasus can significantly contribute to the transformation of the national self-images and the attitudes of the nations toward their immediate neighbors.
Overlapping Regionalism in East Asia: a Case Study of Financial Cooperation in Apec, Asean and Apt
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2022) Ermeydan, Burcu; Triantafyllou, Dimitrios; Yfantis, Konstantinos
This study's primary objective is to understand the notion of overlapping regionalism, which occurs when one state or more than one state becomes a member of more than one regional organization simultaneously. The evolving literature on overlapping regionalism lacks systematic attention to interactions among geographically overlapping regional groups. It aims to examine inter-institutional interactions among overlapping regional institutions, by revealing their characteristics and relationships and discussing the drivers leading them to overlap. It questions the extent of overlap in terms of the policy mandate, reflection of overlaps on regional cooperation agendas through overlapping regional groups, and motivation behind overlaps and conditions preventing the merging of these regional organizations into one single framework. These questions are answered through the case study of East Asian financial regionalism, in which three different cooperation processes have been carried out under the geographically overlapping ASEAN, APT, and APEC since the 1990s and which has not been studied from the perspective of overlapping regionalism. To meet the research objective, the present research targets the exploration and mapping of the discourse networks among regional organizations/groups in East Asia regarding financial regionalism by focusing on shared views, divergences, and correlations on specific aims/cooperation themes in the form of discourse reflected in documents produced by APEC, ASEAN, and APT. It reaches two major conclusions. First, financial regionalism in East Asia constitutes a segmented overlapping regime complex, shaped by simultaneous relations between three financial cooperation processes carried out under APEC, APT and ASEAN. Accordingly, there is no one core regional organization defining all regional cooperation agendas and norms. As causes of this situation, it highlights the effect of rivalry among the big powers, the hedging strategies of middle and small powers, the loosely institutionalized structure of regional governance, and the different institutional priorities of each regional organization.
Securitization of Democratization :the Case Study of Georgia After Rose Revolution
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2016) Akın, Berivan; Çelikpala, Mitat
Georgia is one of the few examples of successful democratization in the post- Soviet region. The trajectory of Georgian democratization which started with the Rose Revolution in 2003 is critical to understanding the changing nature of political transformation in world politics. Newly conceived the securitization of democratization that appeared during this process is the main topic of this dissertation. The United States’ attempt at the macro-securitization of democracy after the September 11 attacks had micro-level impacts in countries like Georgia. The process of political transformation in Georgia after the Rose Revolution is one of the prominent examples of a period of securitization of democratization. Securitization of democratization in this context means the discursive construction of a threat towards democratization that paves the way for the use of any means in order to sustain the process. Both external and internal stresses on the democratization process of Georgia led to the excessive securitization of the issue and with inclusion of other audiences such as Russia a new security dilemma arose. in other words democratization assistance to Georgia from the USA and Georgian enthusiasm for democratization was reinterpreted as a threat by Russia. This dissertation is first interested in presenting a new concept the securitization of democratization which contributes to two important study areas of international relations – security and democracy literature. Moreover this new phenomenon’s addition to the security-democracy nexus critically demonstrates the intertwined characteristic of the domestic and international levels in international studies. The new referent object of securitization –democratization- will also help to pursue the outcomes of securitization which is not analyzed in detail by the Copenhagen School. in line with this understanding the second part of this dissertation analyzes the case study of Georgia from the securitization of democratization perspective. This new perspective is noteworthy due to the recession of democratization globally nearly during the last decade. The analysis of the obstacles to democratization of states from a broader understanding will be helpful to the democratization efforts of the international community.
Societal Security in the Middle East: the Case of Ba'thist Iraq (1968-2003)
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2018) Gezer, Şükriye Gökçe; Biçakci, Ahmet Salih
Bu tezde Güvenlik Çalışmaları alanında iki genel araştırma konusu ele alınmaktadır. İlk olarak Güvenlik Çalışmalarının devlet merkezli ve Batı odaklı kavramları Batı dışındaki örnek olayların güvenlik analizi bağlamında sorunsallaştırılmaktadır. İkinci olarak da Kopenhag Okulunun öne sürdüğü toplumsal güvenlik kuramının Avrupa dışındaki örnek olayları bağlamında devlet dışı aktörleri merkezine alan güvenlik analizi konusundaki açıklayıcı potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Kuramsal bir katkı olarak sektörel güvenlik analizi toplumsal güvenlik kuramına dahil edilmiş ve 1968-2003 yılları arasında Baas dönemi Irak örneğine uygulanmıştır. Bu iki araştırma alanı altında bu çalışma iki genel sav öne sürmektedir. Kavramsallaştırma bağlamında, Orta Doğu Güvenlik Çalışmalarının kuramsal yaklaşımları güvenlik sorunlarının altında yatan toplumsal dinamikleri açıklayan ve devlet dışı aktörleri konu alan kuramsal bir yaklaşım geliştiremediği öne sürülmektedir. Öte yandan, toplumsal güvenlik dinamiklerini ve güvenliğin toplumsal aktörlerini, referans nesnelerini ve tehdit unsurlarını anlamak bölgede kapsamlı bir güvenlik analizi için önem teşkil etmektedir. Analitik bakış açısından ise sektörel bir yaklaşımla ele alınan toplumsal güvenlik kuramı Irak gibi örnek olaylardaki güvenlik dinamiklerini anlamak için güçlü bir teorik alt yapı sağlamaktadır. Bu argümanlar dahilinde bu çalışma Batı dışı bir örnek olay olarak Irak özelinde güvenlik sorunlarının analizi için toplum merkezli alternatif bir bakış açısı önermektedir. Baas dönemi Irak'taki yerel güvenlik sorunları örnek olayla bağlantılı olan beş farklı güvenlik sektörü bağlamında incelenmiştir. Bu sektörler politik, askeri, dini, kültürel ve ekonomik sektörler olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu sektörler, güvenlik aktörleri, referans nesneleri ve devlet-toplum ilişkisi yapısının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan tehditleri bağlamında incelenmektedir.
The Structuring and Institutionalizing of Discourses on Climate Change and Security in the United Nations Security Council
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2022) Çelenk, Bengü; Karaoğuz, Hüseyin Emrah
This thesis aims to understand how the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) structured climate change and security discourses and institutionalized them in its practices between 2007-2021. In this regard, Maarten Hajer’s argumentative discourse analysis has been employed to assess how the UNSC structured and institutionalized these discourses. The study additionally formed a multilevel security framework to employ over both the processes of discourse structuring and institutionalizing in order to strengthen Hajer’s analysis and make the discourses on climate change and security more meaningful. Based on the analytical literature review, the multilevel security framework establishes causal chains among climate security, human security, national security, and international security. This research understands the UNSC’s process of structuring discourses on climate change and security to still be in the developmental phase. In the context of a multilevel security framework, the discourses on whether the discourses on climate change as an international security issue or not were observed to have not been structured yet. However, climate change was observed to have been structured as a security problem by establishing causal links between climate security, human security, and national security. The second part focuses on whether or not the UNSC has institutionalized climate change and security discourses in its practices. The findings show the UNSC to have partially institutionalized discourses on climate change and security. Despite the increase in the frequency of the relevant outputs and the number of members defending climate change and the UNSC’s relationship with it, the UNSC was found to have institutionalized the discourses on climate change and security in line with the discourses of the Russian Federation. In the context of the multilevel security framework, climate change was found to have been institutionalized as a security problem by establishing causal links between human security and national security. The answer to the question at the beginning of the thesis of whether the realist security-based nature of the UNSC as problematized has changed with regard to the level of global security is that it has not changed yet.
Understanding Turkish-Greek Relations Through Securitization To Desecuritization :a Turkish Perspective
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2017) Dizdaroglu, Cihan; Akgül Açıkmeşe, Sinem
This thesis focuses on the main contentious issues between Turkey and Greece particularly in the post-Cold War era which was the peak point of securitization in bilateral relations by using the framework of securitization theory in order to understand how by whom and to what extent Greece is securitized and desecuritized by Turkey. By doing so the thesis argues that there was a “threatening” and a “hostile” tone in Turkish elites’ discourses in almost every contention between the two countries such as delimitation (territorial waters airspace and the continental shelf) and sovereignty issues (the status of the islands islets and rocks as well as the (de)militarization of the islands) in the Aegean Sea problems related to Cyprus and Greece’s ties with terrorist organizations. Even tough Turkish elites have securitized issues related to Greece such security speech-acts paradoxically since the late 1990s due to the forces of rapprochement bilateral relations were almost transformed into a cooperative stance with emphasis on “friendship” rather than focusing on any existential threat and decision-makers began to substitute their security grammar with a positive and cautious tone. Accordingly this thesis argues that it is possible to explain the amelioration of bilateral relations with the methodology of desecuritization as there is a close correlation between the rapprochement process and desecuritization. in this context the thesis reaches the conclusion that the rapprochement process which has been an outcome of several factors in Turkish-Greek relations quite fits into the form of “change through stabilization” borrowed from Lene Hansen’s terminology.

Browse

Browsing Doktora Tezleri by Department "Enstitüler, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Uluslararası İlişkiler Ana Bilim Dalı"