Minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation has features such as constant envelope compact spectrum and good error performance which are all desirable in many digital applications including mobile radio. Numerous receiver structures to demodulate MSK have been suggested such as correlation receivers differential detectors and frequency discriminators MSK is a form of biphase keying and can be detected by a zero-crossing based phase demodulator which gives near optimum performance. In this paper the bit ...

The conventional d-dimensional fermion algebra does not have a Hopf algebra structure. It is shown that this algebra can be deformed by introducing angular elements and by combining the commutative sine-cosine algebra with the Clifford algebra so that the resulting d-dimensional fermion algebra is a Hopf algebra.

This article deals with the mathematical analysis of the inverse problem of identifying the distinguishability of input-output mappings in the linear time fractional inhomogeneous parabolic equation Dt α u(x, t)=(k(x)ux)x+r(t)F(x, t) 0 < α ≤ 1, with Dirichlet boundary conditions u(0, t) = Ψ0(t), u(1, t) = Ψ1(t). By defining the input-output mappings Φ[·]: K →C1[0,T ] and Ψ[·]: K → C1[0,T] the inverse problem is reduced to the problem of their invertibility. Hence, the main purpose of this study ...