Ekstrakranial internal karotid arterlerin aterosklerotik darlıkların stent ile tedavisi
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Date
2004
Authors
Aydiner, Ömer
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Kadir Has Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Amaç: Karotis artere stent koyma ifllemi cerrahi endarterektomiye alternatif olarak kullan›lan yeni bir yöntemdir. Serebral koruma sistemlerinin gelişmesi ile bu işlemin uygulanabilirliği artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, karotis artere perkütan anjiyoplasti-stent uygulanan hastalarda bu girişimin uygulanabilirliği, güvenilirliği ile erken ve geç dönem klinik sonuçları araştırıldı Yöntemler: Mart 2002 ile Aral›k 2004 tarihleri aras›nda Kadir Has Üniversitesi Radyodiagnostik Anabilim Dalı Giriflimsel Radyoloji bölümünde (Florence Nightingale Hastanesi) 28 internal karotis arter darlığına farklı cins ve boyutta balon ve stent uygulanan 26 hasta (15 kadın, 11 erkek yaş 70 ±16 yıl prospektif olarak incelendi. Başvuruları sırasında 10 hasta asemptomatik idi. Hastalardan 1'i amarozis fugaks, 4'ü son 6 ay içinde geçici iskemik atak tariflemekte idi. Bir hasta düşme atakları, bir hasta başağrısı nedeni ile hastaneye başvurmuş, ileri tetkiklerde internal karotis darlığı tespit edilmişti. Üç hastada hemipleji, 7 hastada hemiparezi bulguları vardı. Bulgular: Darlık oranları Kuzey Amerika Semptomatik Karotis Endarterektomi Çalışma Grubuna göre hesaplandı. Ortalama darlık %85 olup, %60 ile %95 arasında değişmekteydi. Yirmi sekiz primer internal karotis arter darlığı balon dilatasyon ve stent yerlefltirilmesiyle tedavi edildi (teknik başarı oran› %100). İşlem sonrasında ortalama rezidüel stenoz oranı %14' tü (%0-%30). Stent açılımı ve postdilatasyon sırasında 5 hastada asistoli, 8 hastada bradikardi gelişti. İki hastada stent ile aynı tarafta orta serebral arter dal enfarktı oldu. Bir hastada işlem sonrası 4. saatte reperfüzyon kanaması oldu. İlk 30 günlük takipte hiçbir hastada işleme bağlı ölüm gerçekleşmedi. Bir hasta işlemden sonra dördüncü ayda miyokard enfarktüsü nedeniyle öldü. Bir hastada işlem sonrası birinci ayda şiddetli baş ağrısı nedeniyle çekilen beyin tomografisinde akciğer kanserine bağlı metastatik odaklar görüldü. İşlem sonrası 6. ve 12. ayda yapılan Doppler ultrasonografilerde stent bölgelerinde restenoz izlenmedi, ak›m formlar› ve hızları normal sınırlardaydı. İki hastaya 12. ayda kontrol anjiyografi işlemi yapıldı, stent içinde anlamlı restenoz oluşturmayan (%25 ve %30 oranlar›nda) miyointimal proliferasyon saptandı. Sonuç: Karotid arter stent uygulaması ciddi komplikasyon oranının düşük olması nedeniyle güvenle kullanılabilecek bir yöntemdir. Karotis endarterektomi ile perkütan anjiyoplasti ve stent girişimlerinin sonuçlarını irdeleyen randomize çalıflmalara ile karotis arterin tıkayıcı hastalığının tedavisinde stentin rolünün daha iyi anlaşılacağı kanısındayız.
Objective: Carotid artery stenting is a new approach alternative to surgical carotid endarterectomy. Cerebral protection devices improved the applicability of this technique. In this study, we evaluated applicability, safety and late clinical outcomes of percutaneous interventions for carotid artery stenosis. Methods: A prospective study included 26 patients (15 female, 11 male, mean age 70±16 years) undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting with different sizes of balloons and stents for 28 internal carotid artery stenoses at Kadir Has University Department of Interventional Radiology between March 2002 and December 2004. Ten patients were asymptomatic, one had amaurosis fugax, four had transient ischemic attack within last four months, one had drop attacks, one had headache, seven had the findings of hemiparesis and three had hemiplegia. Results: Stenosis rates were calculated according to North America Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Median stenosis rate was 85% (range: 60%-95%). All of the 28 internal carotid artery stenoses were managed with balloon dilatation and stenting (technical success rate 100%). Median residual stenosis rate after procedure was 14% (range: 0%-30%). Asystole developed in five patients and bradycardia in eight patients. Ipsilateral middle cerebral artery infarction occurred in two patients. One patient had intracranial reperfusion bleeding four hours after the procedure. No procedural death was observed within one month of follow-up. One patient died of myocardial infarction four months after the procedure. Cranial computed tomography revealed multiple metastases in one patient complaining of intractable headache and primary source was found to be pulmonary carcinoma. No stent restenosis was defined at Doppler ultrasonographic examinations performed 6 and 12 months after procedures with normal flow patterns and velocities. Two patients underwent control angiography at 12th month and myointimal proliferations with insignificant obstruction (25% and 30%) were detected. Conclusion: Carotid artery stenting seems to be applicable and safe procedure but it is associated with infrequent major complications. Results of studies comparing surgery and angioplasty will be helpful in defining role of stenting in the treatment of carotid occlusive disease.
Objective: Carotid artery stenting is a new approach alternative to surgical carotid endarterectomy. Cerebral protection devices improved the applicability of this technique. In this study, we evaluated applicability, safety and late clinical outcomes of percutaneous interventions for carotid artery stenosis. Methods: A prospective study included 26 patients (15 female, 11 male, mean age 70±16 years) undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting with different sizes of balloons and stents for 28 internal carotid artery stenoses at Kadir Has University Department of Interventional Radiology between March 2002 and December 2004. Ten patients were asymptomatic, one had amaurosis fugax, four had transient ischemic attack within last four months, one had drop attacks, one had headache, seven had the findings of hemiparesis and three had hemiplegia. Results: Stenosis rates were calculated according to North America Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Median stenosis rate was 85% (range: 60%-95%). All of the 28 internal carotid artery stenoses were managed with balloon dilatation and stenting (technical success rate 100%). Median residual stenosis rate after procedure was 14% (range: 0%-30%). Asystole developed in five patients and bradycardia in eight patients. Ipsilateral middle cerebral artery infarction occurred in two patients. One patient had intracranial reperfusion bleeding four hours after the procedure. No procedural death was observed within one month of follow-up. One patient died of myocardial infarction four months after the procedure. Cranial computed tomography revealed multiple metastases in one patient complaining of intractable headache and primary source was found to be pulmonary carcinoma. No stent restenosis was defined at Doppler ultrasonographic examinations performed 6 and 12 months after procedures with normal flow patterns and velocities. Two patients underwent control angiography at 12th month and myointimal proliferations with insignificant obstruction (25% and 30%) were detected. Conclusion: Carotid artery stenting seems to be applicable and safe procedure but it is associated with infrequent major complications. Results of studies comparing surgery and angioplasty will be helpful in defining role of stenting in the treatment of carotid occlusive disease.
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Radyoloji ve Nükleer Tıp, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
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