İkinci Dunya Savasi sonrasi Turkiye'de cok partili yasama gecisdeki dis etkenler

Abstract

Osmanli Devleti ve Turkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk donemlerinde cok partili yasam denemeleri gorulmekle beraber gercek manada cok partili yasama Ýkinci Dunya Savasi sonrasi gecilmistir. calismamizda uluslararasi ortamin degismesi ve Sovyetlerin Turkiye uzerinde olusturdugu baskinin Tek Parti yonetiminin bu karari almasinda buyuk bir etken oldugu uzerinde durulmustur. calismamiz bir donem incelemesi olmakla birlikte zaman dizinsel bir yaklasim temel alinmistir. Osmanli ile baslayan ve Cumhuriyet'in ilk donemiyle devam eden cok partili yasam denemeleri iktidarda bulunan parti otoritesi tarafindan muhalefet partilerinin ortadan kaldirilmasiyla iktidari elinde tutma egilimleri gorulmustur. Ýkinci Dunya savasi sonrasi iktidar demokratiklesme yonunde adimlar atmis Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi cok partili yasama gecisin onunu acmakla birlikte karsisinda kurulacak partinin iktidarini devam ettirme adina kendi icerisinden olusmasi yolunu secmistir. Nihayetinde Sovyet baskisiyla bunalan tek parti iktidarinin Amerika Birlesik Devletleri ve Ýngiltere'nin destegini arkasina almak adina demokratiklesme yolunu secmis oldugu sonucuna varilmistir.

Although attempts were made for transition to multi-party way of living during the reign of the Ottoman Empire and the early stages of the Turkish Republic, the multi-party system was earnestly established only after World War II. In our study, we elaborated on the fact that changes occurring in the international arena and the pressure exerted by the Soviet Republic on Turkey played an important role in compelling the single-party government to take this step. Although our study involves the examination of a particular period, it is based on a chronological approach. Attempts for multi-party way of living which first begun during the Ottoman era and continued into the early stages of the Republic all ended up with the elimination of opposing parties by the ruling political party with the purpose of holding on to government and thus power. After World War II, the ruling party has taken steps towards democratization and, in spite of paving the way for the multi-party system; the Republican People?s Party opted to have the opposing party established by its own members in an attempt to continue its dominance. Ultimately, it was concluded that the single-party government which felt suffocated by the pressure exerted by the Soviet Republic preferred democratization to gain the support of the United States of America and Britain.