Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gcris.khas.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12469/60

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Citation Count: 4
Are We at All Liberal at Heart? High-Powered Tests Find No Effect of Intuitive Thinking on Moral Foundations
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan;İşler, Ozan;Doğruyol, Burak
Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common intuitive concern with care and fairness supports the two-foundation perspective. In two high-powered preregistered experiments (N = 3275), we used time-pressure to induce intuitive thinking and tested Wright and Baril's finding that “we are all liberals at heart.” Although the manipulations worked as intended, Study 1 failed to identify an effect on the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ). We conjectured that familiarity with standard survey items may weaken intuition manipulations by eliciting stable opinions. In Study 2, we therefore used not only the MFQ but also novel moral foundations vignettes. Study 2 failed to find an effect of time-pressure on either questionnaire type. An internal Bayesian meta-analysis indicated strong evidence against an effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations.
Citation Count: 5
Beyond a Paycheck: the Influence of Workforce Participation on Women's Cancer Screening in Turkey
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
The present study investigates the influence of workforce participation on women's cancer screening behaviors in Turkey. In cultures with predominantly Muslim populations like Turkey emphasis is typically placed on a woman's traditional role as a child bearer. Although the impact of workforce participation on women's welfare has been studied in various contexts the relationship between workforce participation and health protective behavior has received scant attention. Using quantitative data from a survey of women aged 40 and above from 33 urban cities in Turkey (N = 483) we examine the influence of workforce participation on breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. Homemakers were less likely than working/retired women to be up-to-date on screenings. Women with lower income and education screened less
Citation Count: 2
Different Types of Religiosity and Lay Intuitions About Free Will/Determinism in Turkey
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bahçekapılı, Hasan G.; Harma, Mehmet
Religiosity has been found to be positively associated with belief in free will (FW) in the Western world. In the Muslim world however religiosity exhibits several characteristics that set it apart from the Western world including an overemphasis on fate or divine predestination. We therefore investigated FW/determinism beliefs and different types of religiosity and conservatism in two samples in Turkey a predominantly Muslim country (N=1690). In Study 1 a confirmatory factor analysis showed that FAD-Plus provided good fit to the data. Study 2 revealed that FW belief is not related to any of the religiosity measures (intrinsic extrinsic quest) whereas fatalistic determinism is consistently related to religiosity. The unique predictor of free will turned out to be belief in a just world. Overall these findings indicate that FW belief is not inherently related to religiosity in Turkey whereas fatalistic determinism is central to Turkish people's belief systems.
Citation Count: 1
Digital Epidemiology: Can Google Trends Give Some Information About Electronic Cigarette Usage in Turkey?
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Uysal, Mehmet Atilla; Niksarlioglu, Yelda; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Uysal, Omer; Kutluk, Ali Cevat; Karadag, Bulent
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 7
Early Event Understanding Predicts Later Verb Comprehension and Motion Event Lexicalization
(Amer Psychologıcal Assoc, 2019) Aktan-Erciyes, Aslı; Göksun, Tilbe
Before infants produce words, they can discriminate changes in motion event components such as manner (how an action is performed) and path (trajectory of an action). Individual differences in nonlinguistic event categorization are related to children's later verb comprehension (Konishi, Stahl, Golinkoff, & Hirsh-Pasek, 2016). We asked: (a) Do infants learning Turkish, a verb-framed language, attend to both manner and path changes in motion events? (b) Is early detection of path and manner related to children's later verb comprehension and (c) how they describe motion events? Thirty-two Turkish-reared children were tested at three time points. At Time 1, infants (M-age = 14.5 months) were tested on their detection of changes in path and manner using the Preferential Looking Paradigm. At Time 2, children were tested on their receptive language skills (M-age = 22.07 months). At Time 3, children performed 3 tasks (M-age = 35.05 months): a verb comprehension task, an event description task depicting motion events with different path and manner combinations, and an expressive language task. The ability to detect changes in event components at Time 1 predicted verb comprehension abilities at Time 3, beyond general receptive and expressive vocabulary skills at Times 2 and 3. Infants who noticed changes in path and manner at Time 1 used fewer manner-only descriptions and more path-any descriptions (i.e., descriptions that included a path component with or without manner) in their speech at Time 3. These findings suggest that early detection of event components is associated not only with verb comprehension, but also with how children lexicalize event components in line with their native language.
Citation Count: 0
Electronic Cigarette and Quit Smoking Quest in Twitter: Preliminary Study
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Uysal, Mehmet Atilla; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Kurnaz, Ahmet
Aims: Use of electronic cigarettes has dramatically increased in last few years. Although the sales of e-cigarettes were banned since 2013, they can still be easily purchased via online sales, and its' advertisement is rife in the social media. We aimed to take a closer look at the contents of the shared information about e-cigarettes on one such media outlet, Twitter. Methods: We tracked twitter for 102 days (from 25.09.2017-26.01.2018) searching for Turkish key words “electronic cigarettes”, “ ecigarettes”, or “e-cigarettes” using R software. This data was classified using unsupervised topic modelling. Resulting dataset was reduced and classified and 15 topics were established. Results: First 10 terms under each of the 15 topics were prioritized for this presentation. Words such as tobacco, dependence, cancerogen, substance, containing, waterpipe, liquid, liver indicated a general “harms of e-cigarettes” idea. Terms such as liquid, atomiser, IQS, health, aroma, variety, price, e-cigarette device pointed to “product advertising and marketing”. Text under topic 8 was more concerned with legalization issues, indicated by text such as “Iqos”(6) “omnibus bill”, “legal”. Text under topics 9 and 10 and the videos under topic 11 were mostly related to constraints in use and safety issues. Conclusion: Results of the study showed that chatter in the Turkish social media is mostly focused on those smokers contemplating quitting due to health risks involved in smoking. This points to an important opportunity for tobacco control community in Turkey to further inform the public on healthy ways to quit smoking and work to make cessation services more accessable Footnotes Cite this article as: European Respiratory Journal 2018 52: Suppl. 62, PA4544. This is an ERS International Congress abstract. No full-text version is available. Further material to accompany this abstract may be available at www.ers-education.org (ERS member access only).
Citation Count: 6
Engaging Nurses in Smoking Cessation: Challenges and Opportunities in Turkey
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd., 2018) Nichter, Mimi; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Nichter, Mark; Ozcan, Seyda; Uysal, Mehmet Atilla
This paper discusses the training of nurses in smoking cessation as part of routine patient care in Turkey. Formative research was carried out prior to training to identify challenges faced by smokers when trying to quit. Site visits to government hospitals and cessation clinics were conducted to observe health care provider-patient interactions involving behavior change. Four culturally sensitive cessation training workshops for nurses (n=54) were conducted in Istanbul. Following training nurses were debriefed on their experiences delivering cessation advice. Challenges to cessation counseling included lack of time and incentives for nurse involvement, lack of skills to deliver information about the harm of smoking and benefits of quitting, the medicalization of cessation through the use of pharmaceuticals, and hospital policy which devalues time spent on cessation activities. The pay-for-performance model currently adopted in hospitals has de-incentivized doctor participation in cessation clinics. Nurses play an important role in smoking cessation in many countries. In Turkey hospital policy will require change so that cessation counseling can become a routine part of nursing practice incentives for providing cessation are put in place and task sharing between nurses and doctors is clarified. Nurses and doctors need to receive training in both the systemic harms of smoking and cessation counseling skills. Opportunities challenges and lessons learned are highlighted. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 10
Executive Function and Theory of Mind as Predictors of Socially Withdrawn Behavior in Institutionalized Children
(Wiley, 2018) Selçuk, Bilge; Yavuz, H. Melis; Etel, Evren; Harma, Mehmet; Ruffman, Ted
False belief understanding and executive functions are two main sociocognitive abilities reliably linked to child social competence. Although institution reared children are especially at risk for behavioral problems and cognitive delays, the role that executive function and false belief understanding might play in the social withdrawal of institutionalized children has not been examined. The current study used twöwave data to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal relations of social withdrawal with executive function and false belief understanding in institutionalized children; it also allowed investigation of the directionality between executive function and false belief understanding. Data were collected from 66 Turkish children (T1 M = 57.83 months, SD = 9.20; T2 M = 69.58 months, SD = 8.45) residing in institutions, at two time points, approximately 1 year apart. We measured false belief understanding and executive function via individual assessments, and social withdrawal via care provider reports at both time points. Results showed that both executive function and false belief understanding increased between T1 and T2, while social withdrawal did not show a significant change. Path analysis revealed that when T1 age and language were controlled, T1 executive function predicted T2 executive function, and in turn, T2 executive function predicted lessened social withdrawal at T2. In addition, T1 executive function predicted T2 false belief understanding. T1 false belief understanding was not related to T2 false belief understanding, executive function, or social withdrawal. Findings suggested that executive function is an important predictor of social withdrawal in high risk populations.
Citation Count: 9
Factors That Influence Attitude and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey: a Survey of Hospitality Venue Owners and Employees
(Bmj Publishing Group, 2017) Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
Introduction In 2009 Turkey extended the smoke-free legislation to hospitality venues. Compliance however remains low in some hospitality venues. We identified characteristics associated with knowledge of health effects that can be prevented by the smoke-free law the attitude towards and enforcement of the law. Methods In 2014 we conducted 400 interviews with hospitality venue owners and employees in 7 cities in Turkey. The venues were identified based on a random sampling strategy in a previous phase of the study. Results Over one-third (37.3%) of hospitality owners and employees had adequate knowledge of the health effects from secondhand smoke (SHS) 71.3% had a positive attitude towards the law and 19.5% had personally enforced the law. Participants who worked 70 hours or more per week were more likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Older individuals women participants working in bars/nightclubs venue owners receiving fines for non-compliance and current smokers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Participants working in traditional coffee houses former smokers and participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to enforce the law. Smokers who quit or reduced smoking because of the law were more likely to enforce the law compared with those who were not influenced by the law. Conclusions Although the attitude towards the law was positive interventions are needed to increase knowledge on the health effects of SHS and facilitate enforcement of the law particularly among subgroups less likely to have a positive attitude and enforce the law.
Citation Count: 0
Factors That Influence Support and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2016) Hayran, Mutlu; Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 5
For Whose Sake Is It Anyway? Evaluation of Explicit Family Policies in Turkey
(Springer New York, 2014) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Kafescioğlu, Nilüfer
Family policies impact the life of every citizen in a society at a very private level. Their content as well as the processes through which they are formed and altered documents the powers that shape the lives of families at the macrolevel. In this chapter we aim to document the current state as well as the change processes of the family policies in Turkey a country of socioeconomic variety and rapid change. Here we will give precedence to the aspects of family policy that are explicitly linked to the formation and daily life of families such as the Civil Code the Labor and Social Security Laws as well as the laws and regulations concerning family violence. However we will be leaving out many other rules and regulations that impact families more implicitly through the conditions they present to individual members of families such as the Penal Code and its regulations. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014.
Citation Count: 14
How Is the Big Five Related To Moral and Political Convictions: the Moderating Role of the Weirdness of the Culture
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Alper, Sinan; Yılmaz, Onurcan
There has been extensive research on how the Big Five personality traits are related to political orientation and endorsement of moral foundations. However, recent findings suggest that these relationships may not be cross-culturally stable. We argue that how much a culture is WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) could moderate how the Big Five is related to political and moral convictions. In a sample of 7263 participants from 30 countries, our results showed that the level of WEIRDness of the culture moderated (1) the associations of agreeableness and openness with ideology; (2) the associations of extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with individualizing foundations; and (3) the association of extraversion with binding moral foundations. The results were mixed and some of the interactions were small in magnitude. However, they clearly indicate that the Big Five traits' relationship with moral and political convictions are not cross-culturally stable.
Citation Count: 8
Implicit Evaluations About Driving Skills Predicting Driving Performance
(Elsevier Science, 2018) Bıçaksız, Pinar; Harma, Mehmet; Doğruyol, Burak; Lajunen, Timo; Özkan, Türker
Self-reported measures of driving skills have the potential shortcomings of the general self report methodology such as social responding and self-enhancement biases. In the present study the Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedure was adapted to measure the implicit evaluations of driving skills. The performance of IAT and an explicit self-report measure of driving skills were compared in predicting driver behaviors and performance. Ninetyone Turkish male drivers participated in the study. The results showed that the implicit test and the self-reported driving skills scale showed different patterns of relationships with the outcome measures in the regression analyses. In addition the implicit measure of driving skills moderated the relationship between self-reported driving skills and some of the outcome measures used in the current study. These results support the need to use the implicit measures in addition to self-report measures to better understand drivers evaluations of their driving skills which has the potential to influence their risky driving. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 4
Negative Life Events Behavior Problems and Self-Regulation of Adolescents From Low Socio-Economic Status
(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2017) Metin, Güntülü Tercanli; Harma, Mehmet; Gökçay, Gülbin; Bahçıvan-Saydam, Reyhan
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between negative life events and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents from low SES and the mediator role of self-regulation (SR) in this relationship. The study consisted of a sample of 358 7th and 8th grade-students living in Esenler neighborhood Istanbul. Students were asked to complete a series of questionnaires including Demographic Information Form Life Events Checklist Self-Regulation Inventory and Youth Self Report (YSR). Path Analysis was run to examine the associations between negative life events and internalizing-externalizing problems via self-regulation. Stability of these relationships across gender was also examined by multiple-group path analysis. Results showed that negative life events predicted both internalizing and externalizing problems directly and indirectly via self-regulation. As the number of negative life events increased the level of self-regulation skills deteriorated in turn it predicted internalizing and externalizing problems. Negative life events more strongly predicted internalizing problems than externalizing problems whereas self-regulation more strongly predicted externalizing problems than internalizing problems. Besides the relationship between negative life events and emotional-behavioral problems and the mediator role of self-regulation in the link between negative life events and problem behaviors did not change across gender. These findings were discussed in relation to the relevant literature focusing on the indicators and outcomes of self-regulation skills among adolescents.
Citation Count: 5
Psychosocial Interventions To Improve Outcomes Among Dialysis Patients
(Wiley, 2018) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) report high levels of emotional problems and poor compliance with treatment and quality of life. Nevertheless there are not many studies which examine the effectiveness of different psychosocial interventions in ameliorating these poor outcomes. Theories have been helpful in identifying targets for interventions to improve compliance with treatment adjustment and quality of life. However their effects have been mixed. In particular interventions incorporating beliefs are promising in improving these outcomes. Moreover relaxation and imagery techniques have reduced symptoms and have been effective improving adjustment and compliance. Future randomized controlled studies are needed to compare the effects of theory-based and patient-derived interventions on compliance with treatment and adjustment.
Citation Count: 5
Re-Considering the Linkage Between the Antecedents and Consequences of Happiness
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Yeniaras, Volkan; Akkemik, K. Ali; Yücel, Eray
A growing number of studies examine the antecedents of happiness but only a handful of them appear to undertake an analysis of its consequences. Employing a unique cross-sectional data set of 413 adults we examine the relationship of the antecedents of happiness on its outcomes via mediation analysis. We show that the web of relations in this domain is more complicated than it is commonly understood. We provide empirical evidence that income enhances individuals' life satisfaction. We also find a non-linearity in the relation of age to frugality and to attitude towards debt. Whereas a positive relationship exists between employment and frugality income negatively affects frugality. We find strong evidence to suggest that life satisfaction reverses the relationships of employment and income to frugality. Additionally we obtained empirical evidence to suggest that employment income and sex positively affect attitude towards debt. Furthermore we provide empirical evidence that the relationships of age and. income to attitude towards debt are complementarily mediated by frugality while frugality competitively mediates the relationship of employment to attitude towards debt. Finally the results reveal that there exists an indirect-only effect of life satisfaction to attitudes towards debt through frugality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 7
The Relationship Between Attachment To God Prosociality and Image of God
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2018) Bayramoğlu, Yunus; Harma, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Although religiosity fosters some antisocial behaviors (e.g. support for suicide attacks) it is well-known that it also enhances in-group cooperation and prosociality (e.g. donating to charity). Supernatural punishment hypothesis suggests that the fear of punishment from an invisible potent and powerful supernatural agent can keep everyone in line and encourage prosociality. We first investigated this relationship in a predominantly Muslim country and then tested a model suggesting that attachment to God can lead people to think God as authoritarian which in turn leads them to report more prosocial intentions. The results demonstrate that (1) there are some findings suggesting that Attachment to God Inventory is a reliable measure in Turkey (2) seeing God as authoritarian is positively correlated with prosociality and (3) our abovementioned model was supported by the data. Results generally support the supernatural punishment hypothesis and additionally show the utility of attachment theory in explaining the religiosity-prosociality link.
Citation Count: 0
Remembering Successes and Failures: Rehearsal Characteristics Influence Recollection and Distancing
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Öner, Sezin; Gulgoz, Sami
We investigated the relationship between components of rumination brooding and reflection and autobiographical remembering by testing whether voluntary and involuntary rehearsal mediated rumination-related variation in the sensory-affective and metacognitive features of memory experience. We focused on achievement and failure memories as both are goal-related events yet they represent distinct experiences in terms of valence and functionality. For failure memories brooding was associated with intense recollection and reduced psychological distance. Brooding was related to enhanced distance of achievements indicating the disruptive effects of brooding on remembering. Although reflection attenuated the recollective experience for both achievement and failure memories it brought achievement memories to a subjective closer past. Structural equation modelling demonstrated the mediating role of involuntary remembering on the pattern of remembering experience.
Citation Count: 7
The Role of Co-Regulation of Stress in the Relationship Between Perceived Partner Responsiveness and Binge Eating: a Dyadic Analysis
(International Union of Psychological Science, 2020) Tosyalı, Ahmet Furkan; Harma, Mehmet
The main aim of this study is to investigate whether there are relationships between perceived partner responsiveness (PPR), co-regulation of negative affect between romantic partners and binge eating. Data were collected from 148 opposite-sex romantic partners (18-61 years old) with the mean relationship duration being 8.04 years. Dyadic data were analysed through the actor-partner interdependence model framework. We proposed a model where co-regulation between partners has indirect effects on the relationship between PPR and binge eating. Results showed that there was no direct association between PPR and binge eating scores of the participants. However, significant direct associations were found regarding both actor and partner effects of PPR on co-regulation between romantic partners. In addition, there were four significant indirect effects: Women's co-regulation had an indirect effect on the link between PPR and women's binge eating scores. Similarly, women's co-regulation had also a significant indirect effect on the link between PPR and men's binge eating. These findings are the first to illustrate a relationship between PPR and binge eating. This study is the first attempt to examine binge eating in terms of co-regulation processes.
Citation Count: 1
Who Wants Left-Wing Policies? Economic Preferences and Political Cleavages in Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yagcı, Alper H.; Harma, Mehmet; Tekgüç, Hasan
We administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes.

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