İletişim Fakültesi

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Citation Count: 22
Bottom-up nationalism and discrimination on social media: An analysis of the citizenship debate about refugees in Turkey
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem
This study analyzes social media representations of refugees in Turkey and discusses their role in shaping public opinion. The influx of millions of Syrian refugees in Turkey has created heated debates about their presence and future in the country. One of these debates was triggered by President Erdogan's statement that Turkey would issue citizenship rights to Syrians in July 2016. Due to a lack of critical voices about refugee issues in Turkey's mass media sphere, social media has become a key platform for citizens to voice their opinions. Through a discourse analysis of tweets about the issue of refugees' citizenship, I will map different perceptions of refugees in Turkey. I argue that despite contesting discourses about Syrians, the debate on social media reinforces nationalism and an ethnocentric understanding of citizenship in Turkey. As the number of refugees and migrants increases rapidly worldwide, they become the new 'others' of national imagined communities. Social media becomes a key communication space where the nation is discursively constructed in a bottom-up manner through manifestations of 'us' and 'them'. The analysis shows that social media contributes to trivialization and normalization of discrimination and hatred against Syrian refugees through disseminating overt discourses of 'Othering'. Social media also enables more covert forms of discrimination through 'rationalized' arguments that are used to justify discrimination through the basis of false/non-verified information. Thus, Twitter becomes a space for critical, bottom-up, yet nationalistic and discriminatory statements about refugees.
Citation Count: 18
Editorial introduction. Representations of immigrants and refugees: News coverage public opinion and media literacy
(DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 2018) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem; Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 0
Integration Diversity and the Making of a European Public Sphere
(USC ANNENBERG PRESS, 2018) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 6
Intercultural learning in schools through telecollaboration? A critical case study of eTwinning between Turkey and Germany
(Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem
Digital media offer various possibilities for internet-based telecollaboration in schools and open up a space for intercultural learning. Diverse initiatives like such as the European Union-initiative eTwinning network aim to support telecollaboration projects in education. This article argues that we need to develop critical and grounded understanding of telecollaboration projects and how they are being embedded in the context of existing school cultures. The article presents an in-depth case study of a telecollaboration project between a Turkish and a German school. On the basis of observations in schools interviews with teachers and focus groups with pupils the article argues that there are two main challenges that limit the experience of intercultural learning in the analysed project. The first point is about the strong teacher-centred project design and the discrepancy between the perspectives of teachers and pupils. The second point is the rather simplistic and superficial understanding of culture which reasserts national cultures instead of promoting a more open perspective that influences the project tasks and topics.
Citation Count: 0
Media-Bridge-Cultures: Exploring mediated cultural encounters
(Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem; Odag, Ozen
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 4
Policies of media and cultural integration in Germany: From guestworker programmes to a more integrative framework
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem
After the arrival of the first labour migrants in Germany in the 1960s a gradual change in the perception of migrants in German politics took place: from guests (Gastarbeiter) and foreigners (Ausländer) to citizens as members of a new form of 'us' that is constructed within diversity. These transformations were reflected in Germany's migration-related policies throughout recent history. This article focuses on media-related policies for cultural integration which go hand in hand with the developments in the general migration policy framework analysing different phases after the 1960s. In general we observe an increasing institutionalization of integration policies a more comprehensive understanding of the role of the media for integration purposes and a diversification of measures even more rapidly after the enactment of the Immigration Act in 2004. Cultural diversity is now emphasized as an enriching factor for the German mediascape. However there continues to be a need for long-term policies in order to improve media diversity in practice. © The Author(s) 2014.
Citation Count: 32
Understanding the Images of Alan Kurdi With "Small Data": A Qualitative, Comparative Analysis of Tweets About Refugees in Turkey and Flanders (Belgium)
(USC Annenberg Press, 2017) Bozdağ Bucak, Çiğdem; Smets, Kevin
One of the peak moments of the debate on the European refugee crisis was caused by the circulation of images of Alan Kurdi, a three-year-old Syrian boy who drowned in the Aegean Sea on September 2, 2015. The images triggered worldwide reactions from politicians, nongovernmental organizations, and citizens. This article analyzes these reactions through a qualitative study of 961 tweets from Turkey and Flanders (Belgium), contextualizing them into the framing and representation of refugees before and after the images were released. Our study finds that, despite their iconic qualities and potential to mobilize Twitter users around refugee issues, the images did not cause a major shift in common discourses and representations. Instead, references to Kurdi were incorporated into preexisting discourses on and representations of refugees, thus offering different actors in the public debate on refugees with new symbols and motifs to construct meaning.

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