Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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Browsing Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu by Author "International Relations"

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    Book Part
    Citation - Scopus: 5
    Geopolitics and Gas-Transit Security Through Pipelines
    (Springer International Publishing, 2020) Ediger, Volkan S.; Aydın, Mustafa; Bowlus, John V.; Ediger, Şevket Volkan; Aydın, Mustafa; International Relations; Industrial Engineering
    Hydrocarbons are valuable only if they can be transited from where they are produced to where they are consumed. Despite the enduring importance of transit to the global energy system, the topic did not begin to be extensively analyzed until contentious relations between Russia and Ukraine disrupted natural gas flows to Europe in 2006. This chapter examines the geopolitics and security of transiting gas through pipelines by exploring the connection between geography, global energy strategies, and natural gas markets. Gas has grown in recent years as a percentage of global energy consumption and is helping the world transition to a cleaner energy regime. At the same time, it is intensifying the contest for and control of gas-transit routes. Russia, the world’s second-largest producer, has built new pipelines to Europe since 2006 in order to diversify its flow from relying on Ukraine, while the USA, the world’s largest gas producer, is increasingly exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) through sea routes mostly controlled by the US navy. We argue that geostrategic calculations will more profoundly affect gas transit in the future and that countries that rely solely on market or commercial factors for their gas-transit security will become increasingly vulnerable to geopolitical volatility.
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    Article
    Citation - WoS: 1
    The Only Thing We Have To Fear: Post 9/11 Institutionalization Of In-security [korkmamız Gereken Tek Şey: 11 Eylül Sonrasında Güvensizliğin Kurumsallaşması]
    (Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2012) Çelikpala, Mitat; Çelikpala, Mitat; Öztürk, Duygu; International Relations
    During the last decade billions of dollars have been spent to increase security measures in the United States. New institutions including a department for homeland security have been established new security tools have been developed and surveillance of Americans has been increased. However despite the creation of 'safety zones' neither the level of the Americans' feeling of security from further terrorist attacks nor their confidence in the ability of US governments to prevent attacks has seen an increase. According to Beck who introduced the concepts of 'world risk society' and 'reflexive modernity' terrorism is one of the products of reflexive modernity which cannot be addressed by traditional security measures. Within this framework this paper analyzes the case of the Americans since 9/11 attacks. In this vein it is argued that the gap which has arisen as a result of addressing non-territory and non-state-based terrorism through state-based security measures has caused a continuation of a high level of insecurity fear and anxiety among the Americans. Public opinion surveys conducted in the United States since the 9/11 attacks by various institutions are used to analyze Americans' thoughts about security and the terror risk in the United States.