Browsing by Author "Bayrak, Fatih"

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Citation Count: 11
All the Dark Triad and some of the Big Five traits are visible in the face
(Pergamon-Elsevıer Scıence Ltd, 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However, later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research, to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face, we report three studies, two of which were preregistered, conducted on both WEIRD (the US American) and non-WEIRD (Turkish) samples (N = 880). The participants in both the US American and Turkish samples were successful in predicting all Dark Triad personality traits by looking at a stranger's face. However, there were mixed results regarding the Big Five traits. An aggregate analysis of the combined dataset demonstrated that extraversion (only female), agreeableness, and conscientiousness were accurately inferred by the participants in addition to the Dark Triad traits. Overall, the results suggest that inferring personality from faces without any concrete source of information might be an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
Citation Count: 0
Çözüm Önerisinin İtici Görülüp Görülmemesi Kürt Sorununu Kabul Etmeyi Etkiliyor mu?
(2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Alper, Sinan
Sonuçları tüm insanları ve çevreyi etkilemesine rağmen bilimsel olarak gerçekliği tespit edilmiş küresel ısınma gibi sorunların varlığı insanların bir kısmı tarafından reddedilmektedir. Bu konudaki alanyazına göre bilimsel sorunların varlığını reddetme ideolojik değerlendirmelerin etkisiyle şekillenebilmektedir. Cambpell ve Kay (2014) tarafından gerçekleştirilen yeni bir araştırmaya göre ise bir sorunun çözümüne yönelik öne sürülen çözüm önerilerinin bireyler tarafından itici olarak görülmesi, o sorunun varlığını reddetmelerinin gerekçesi olabilir. Bu çalışmada küresel ısınma gibi bilimsel gerçeklerin reddedilmesi çerçevesinde yapılan çalışmalarda ortaya çıkan çözüm hoşnutsuzluğu (solution aversion) hipotezi, tanımı ve nasıl çözüleceği Türkiye’de hâlen tartışmalı bir konu olan Kürt sorunu bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Katılımcılara Kürt sorununa yönelik iki farklı çözüm önerisi sunulmuş, ardından Kürt sorununun varlığını kabul etme düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Analiz sonuçlarına göre itici olarak görülen çözüm önerisine maruz kalmak Kürt sorununun varlığını reddetmeyi etkilememiştir. Ayrıca daha solcu bireylerin Kürt sorununun varlığını daha fazla kabul ettikleri ancak milliyetçilik ve dindarlık düzeylerinin sorunu kabul etme ile ilişkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Kürt sorununun dinamikleri ve ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış, gelecekte yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar ve politikalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
Citation Count: 9
Do changes in threat salience predict the moral content of sermons? The case of Friday Khutbas in Turkey
(Wiley, 2020) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Us, Elif Öykü; Yilmaz, Onurcan
We analyzed the content of "Friday Khutbas" delivered in Turkish mosques between January 2001 and December 2018 to test the prediction of moral foundations theory (MFT) literature that threat salience would lead to an increased endorsement of binding moral foundations. As societal-level indicators of threat, we examined (a) historical data on the proportion of terrorism-related news published in a Turkish newspaper, (b) the geopolitical risk score of Turkey as measured by Geopolitical Risk Index, and (c) Google Trends data on the search frequency of words "terror", "terrorism", or "terrorist". To measure the endorsement of moral foundations, we built a Turkish Moral Foundations Dictionary and counted the relative frequency of morality-related words in the khutbas delivered in Istanbul, Turkey. Time series analyses showed that risk salience in a certain month was positively related to endorsement of the loyalty/betrayal foundation in that month's Friday Khutbas. There were mixed results for the other moral foundations.
Citation Count: 0
Effective health communication depends on the interaction of message source and content: two experiments on adherence to COVID-19 measures in Türkiye
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Aktar, Bengi; Aydas, Berke; Yilmaz, Onurcan; Alper, Sinan; Isler, Ozan
ObjectiveFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak, authorities recommended preventive measures to reduce infection rates. However, adherence to calls varied between individuals and across cultures. To determine the characteristics of effective health communication, we investigated three key features: message source, content, and audience.MethodsUsing a pre-test and two experiments, we tested how message content (emphasizing personal or social benefit), audience (individual differences), message source (scientists or state officials), and their interaction influence adherence to preventive measures. Using fliers advocating preventive measures, Experiment 1 investigated the effects of message content and examined the moderator role of individual differences. Experiment 2 presented the messages using news articles and manipulated sources.ResultsStudy 1 found decreasing adherence over time, with no significant impact from message content or individual differences. Study 2 found messages emphasizing 'protect yourself' and 'protect your country' to increase intentions for adherence to preventive measures. It also revealed an interaction between message source and content whereby messages emphasizing personal benefit were more effective when they came from healthcare professionals than from state officials. However, message source and content did not affect vaccination intentions or donations for vaccine research.ConclusionEffective health communication requires simultaneous consideration of message source and content.
Citation Count: 0
Multidimensional intuitive-analytic thinking style and its relation to moral concerns, epistemically suspect beliefs, and ideology
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) Doğruyol, Burak; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Alper, Sinan; Yilmaz, Onurcan
Literature highlights the distinction between intuitive and analytic thinking as a prominent cognitive style distinction, leading to the proposal of various theories within the framework of the dual process model. However, it remains unclear whether individuals differ in their thinking styles along a single dimension, from intuitive to analytic, or if other dimensions are at play. Moreover, the presence of numerous thinking style measures, employing different terminology but conceptually overlapping, leads to confusion. To address these complexities, Newton et al. suggested the idea that individuals vary across multiple dimensions of intuitive-analytic thinking styles and distinguished thinking styles between 4 distinct types: Actively open-minded thinking, close-minded thinking, preference for effortful thinking, and preference for intuitive thinking. They proposed a new measure for this 4-factor disposition, The 4-Component Thinking Styles Questionnaire (4-CTSQ), to comprehensively capture the psychological outcomes related to thinking styles; however, no independent test exists. In the current pre-registered studies, we test the validity of 4-CTSQ for the first time beyond the original study and examine the association of the proposed measure with various factors, including morality, conspiracy beliefs, paranormal and religious beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and ideology in an underrepresented culture, Turkiye. We found that the correlated 4-factor model of 4-CTSQ is an appropriate measure to capture individual differences based on cognitive style. The results endorse the notion that cognitive style differences are characterized by distinct structures rather than being confined to two ends of a single continuum.
Citation Count: 114
Psychological correlates of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures: Evidence from Turkey
(Springer, 2020) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research, we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs; (2) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures; and (3) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher faith in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, impulsivity, generic conspiracy beliefs, religiosity, and right-wing ideology, and a lower level of cognitive reflection were associated with a higher level of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. There was no association between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures while perceived risk was positively and impulsivity negatively correlated with preventive measures. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
Citation Count: 0
Validation of the moral foundations questionnaire-2 in the Turkish context: exploring its relationship with moral behavior
(Springer, 2024) Doğruyol, Burak; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Acem, Ensar; Isler, Ozan; Yilmaz, Onurcan
Despite the considerable attention it has received, Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) remains open to criticisms regarding failure to conceptualize the moral domain. MFT was revised in response to these criticisms, along with its measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2). However, the validity of this revised theoretical structure and its explanatory power relative to existing alternatives, such as Morality as Cooperation Theory (MAC), has not yet been independently tested. Here we first validated MFT's revised six-factor structure using the MFQ-2 in a large quasi-representative sample (N = 1099) from a predominantly Muslim country (i.e., T & uuml;rkiye) and then explored the relationship of these six factors with incentivized measures of moral behavior as well as different psychological variables. Our tests revealed excellent fit values for the six-factor structure proposed by the MFQ-2, which explained more of the variance in criterion variables compared to the MAC Questionnaire (MAC-Q). However, MAC-Q performed better in predicting actual moral behavior (e.g., generosity and cooperation) compared with MFQ-2. Taken together, these findings indicate that, at least for the time being, MFQ-2 and the structure of the moral foundations proposed by MFT can be used to conceptualize the moral domain, but its relatively weak relationship to actual moral behavior limits its insights.
Citation Count: 0
Wittgenstein’ın Psikoloji Bilimine Dair Görüşlerine Eleştirel Bir Bakış
(2019) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Alper, Sinan; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Wittgenstein 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus adlı yapıtında felsefeninöldüğünü ve felsefede bugüne kadar sorulmuş tüm soruların çözümünü bulduğunu iddia etmiştir.Daha sonraları dünyayı dolaşmış ve özellikle zamanını Kierkegaard ve Nietzsche okuyarakgeçirdikten sonra erken dönemlerinde savunduğu düşüncelerini değiştirmiş ve hem dilfelsefesinde hem de bilim felsefesinde paradigmatik bir değişikliğin ilk zeminini ortayakoymuştur. Sosyal bilimlerin genelinde olduğu gibi psikoloji de bu değişimlerden veWittgenstein’ın felsefesinden paradigmatik düzeyde etkilenmiştir. Bu yazıda genel olarakWittgenstein’ın felsefesinin psikolojiyle ve bugünün sosyal psikolojisiyle olan ilişkisi eleştirelolarak incelenmiştir. Özel olarak ise, Wittgenstein’ın felsefesinin, eleştirel psikoloji akımınınortaya çıkmasına ve ana akım psikolojideki bağlamdan kopuk, birey odaklı yaklaşımlarınirdelenmesine katkı sunduğunu savunuyoruz. Bu argümanı savunmak için ilk olarak psikolojininve özel olarak sosyal psikolojinin kısa bir tarihi verilecektir. Daha sonrasında erken dönem ve geçdönem olarak ayırdığımız iki farklı Wittgenstein portresi anlatılacak ve son olarakWittgenstein’ın çalışmalarının psikolojik çalışmalara olan etkisi tartışılacaktır.