Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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Citation - WoS: 145
Citation - Scopus: 145
Psychological Correlates of Covid-19 Conspiracy Beliefs and Preventive Measures: Evidence From Turkey
(Springer, 2020) Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research, we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs; (2) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures; and (3) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher faith in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, impulsivity, generic conspiracy beliefs, religiosity, and right-wing ideology, and a lower level of cognitive reflection were associated with a higher level of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. There was no association between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures while perceived risk was positively and impulsivity negatively correlated with preventive measures. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 24
How People Can Become Persuaded by Weak Messages Presented by Credible Communicators: Not All Sleeper Effects Are Created Equal
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2017) Albarracin, Dolores; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Vento, Patrick Poyner-Del
The sleeper effect has been proposed to describe temporal changes in persuasion for messages associated with noncredible sources. The present research introduces a new kind of sleeper effect denoting increases in persuasion for weak messages associated with credible sources. This effect of the source was hypothesized to derive from attending to the message source rather than the message arguments and reconstructing delayed attitudes primarily on the basis of the source information. Findings from three experiments revealed that when the focus of attention was the communicator there was a sleeper effect for the source. Specifically during the time between an immediate follow up and a delayed follow up persuasion increased when credible sources presented weak arguments. In contrast when the focus of attention was the message arguments a traditional sleeper effect emerged. That is persuasion increased when strong arguments were presented by a noncredible communicator. These effects were mediated by relative recall of arguments versus source attributes and replicated with different message topics and lengths of delay. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 5
Beyond a Paycheck: the Influence of Workforce Participation on Women's Cancer Screening in Turkey
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
The present study investigates the influence of workforce participation on women's cancer screening behaviors in Turkey. In cultures with predominantly Muslim populations like Turkey emphasis is typically placed on a woman's traditional role as a child bearer. Although the impact of workforce participation on women's welfare has been studied in various contexts the relationship between workforce participation and health protective behavior has received scant attention. Using quantitative data from a survey of women aged 40 and above from 33 urban cities in Turkey (N = 483) we examine the influence of workforce participation on breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. Homemakers were less likely than working/retired women to be up-to-date on screenings. Women with lower income and education screened less
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Post-Donation Evaluation of Life of Donors of Liver Transplantation
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, Aslı; Acarlı, Koray; Yankol, Yücel; Kalayoğlu, Münci; Kanmaz, Turan
Aim: Liver transplantation from living donors affects not only recipients' but also donors' lives. The aim of this study was to explore living donors' experience of life. Methods: The sample consisted of 16 living donors who donated a part of their liver to a patient who had end-stage liver failure. Anonymised interview transcripts were analyzed following established conventions. Results: The analysis showed that participants evaluated their life in terms of limitations brought by organ donation surgery awareness of the need for lifestyle changes emotional changes changes in character and mixed relationships. Emotional changes involved the experience of both negative and positive emotions (feeling reputable feeling like being born again). Changes in character included both worsening of character (becoming half human turning into an aggressive person) and positive changes in character (becoming more of a believer and a humanist). Mixed relationships included feeling supported by loved ones and doctors reduction of burden of care formation of a special bond not feeling supported by potential supporters like mothers or spouses and worsening of close relationships. Conclusions: Some findings (experience of negative emotions lack of support from others) could be interpreted in terms of existing psychological theory. Other findings (worsening aspects of character experience of positive emotions improvement in aspects of character formation of a special bond worsening of close relationships) extended the literature and could be viewed as targets for educational programs for donors.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Cultural Differences in Performance on Eriksen's Flanker Task
(Springer, 2020) Gutchess, Angela; Ksander, John; Millar, Peter R.; Arslan Uzundağ, Berna; Sekuler, Robert; Boduroğlu, Ayşecan
Eriksen's zoom model of attention implies a trade-off between the breadth and resolution of representations of information. Following this perspective, we used Eriksen's flanker task to investigate culture's influence on attentional allocation and attentional resolution. In Experiment1, the spatial distance of the flankers was varied to test whether people from Eastern cultures (here, Turks) experienced more interference than people from Western cultures (here, Americans) when flankers were further from the target. In Experiment2, the contrast of the flankers was varied. The pattern of results shows that congruency of the flankers (Experiment1) as well as the degree of contrast of the flankers compared with the target (Experiment2) interact with participants' cultural background to differentially influence accuracy or reaction times. In addition, we used evidence accumulation modeling to jointly consider measures of speed and accuracy. Results indicate that to make decisions in the Eriksen flanker task, Turks both accumulate evidence faster and require more evidence than Americans do. These cultural differences in visual attention and decision-making have implications for a wide variety of cognitive processes.
Citation - WoS: 23
Citation - Scopus: 25
Secondhand Smoke in Waterpipe Tobacco Venues in Istanbul Moscow and Cairo
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2019) Moon, Katherine A.; Magid, Hoda; Torrey, Christine; Rule, Ana M.; Ferguson, Jacqueline; Susan, Jolie; Sun, Zhuolu; Abubaker, Salahaddin; Levshin, Vladimir; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Radwan, Ghada Nasr; El-Rabbat, Maha; Cohen, Joanna E.; Strickland, Paul; Navas-Acien, Ana; Breysse, Patrick N.
Objective: The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking has risen in recent decades. Controlled studies suggest that waterpipe secondhand smoke (SHS) contains similar or greater quantities of toxicants than cigarette SHS which causes significant morbidity and mortality. Few studies have examined SHS from waterpipe tobacco in real-world settings. The purpose of this study was to quantify SHS exposure levels and describe the characteristics of waterpipe tobacco venues. Methods: In 2012-2014 we conducted cross-sectional surveys of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues (9 in Istanbul 17 in Moscow and 20 in Cairo). We administered venue questionnaires conducted venue observations and sampled indoor air particulate matter (PM2.5) (N=35) carbon monoxide (CO) (N=23) particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs) (N=31) 4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridy1)-1-butanone (NNK) (N-43) and air nicotine (N=46). Results: Venue characteristics and SHS concentrations were highly variable within and between cities. Overall we observed a mean (standard deviation (SD)) of 5 (5) waterpipe smokers and 5 (3) cigarette smokers per venue. The overall median (25th percentile 75th percentile) of venue mean air concentrations was 136 (82 213) mu/m(3) for PM2.5 3.9 (1.7 22) ppm for CO 68 (33 121) ng/m(3) for p-PAHs 1.0 (0.5 1.9) ng/m(3) for NNK and 5.3 (0.7 14) mu g/m(3) for nicotine. PM2.5 CO and p-PAHs concentrations were generally higher in venues with more waterpipe smokers and cigarette smokers although associations were not statistically significant. Conclusion: High concentrations of SHS constituents known to cause health effects indicate that indoor air quality in waterpipe tobacco venues may adversely affect the health of employees and customers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 45
Citation - Scopus: 50
Relative Group Size and Minority School Success: the Role of Intergroup Friendship and Discrimination Experiences
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen; Brown, Rupert
From an intergroup relations perspective relative group size is associated with the quantity and quality of intergroup contact: more positive contact (i.e. intergroup friendship) supports and negative contact (i.e. experienced discrimination) hampers minority identity and school success. Accordingly we examined intergroup contact as the process through which perceived relative proportions of minority and majority students in school affected minority success (i.e. school performance satisfaction and self-efficacy). Turkish minorities (N = 1060) were compared in four Austrian and Belgian cities which differ in their typical school ethnic composition. Across cities minority experiences of intergroup contact fully mediated the impact of perceived relative group size on school success. As expected higher minority presence impaired school success through restricting intergroup friendship and increasing experienced discrimination. The association between minority presence and discrimination was curvilinear however so that schools where minority students predominated offered some protection from discrimination. To conclude the comparative findings reveal positive and negative intergroup contact as key processes that jointly explain when and how higher proportions of minority students affect school success.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Different Types of Religiosity and Lay Intuitions About Free Will/Determinism in Turkey
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bahçekapılı, Hasan G.; Harma, Mehmet
Religiosity has been found to be positively associated with belief in free will (FW) in the Western world. In the Muslim world however religiosity exhibits several characteristics that set it apart from the Western world including an overemphasis on fate or divine predestination. We therefore investigated FW/determinism beliefs and different types of religiosity and conservatism in two samples in Turkey a predominantly Muslim country (N=1690). In Study 1 a confirmatory factor analysis showed that FAD-Plus provided good fit to the data. Study 2 revealed that FW belief is not related to any of the religiosity measures (intrinsic extrinsic quest) whereas fatalistic determinism is consistently related to religiosity. The unique predictor of free will turned out to be belief in a just world. Overall these findings indicate that FW belief is not inherently related to religiosity in Turkey whereas fatalistic determinism is central to Turkish people's belief systems.
Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 17
A Multidimensional Investigation of Pretend Play and Language Competence: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relations in Preschoolers
(Elsevier, 2020) Kızıldere, Erim; Aktan Erciyes, Aslı; Tahiroğlu, Deniz; Göksun, Tilbe
Play is an important tool for children's social interactions and cognitive skills. The current study examines the links between pretend play and language in 119 Turkish preschoolers at two time points tested one-year apart (Time 1 M-age = 45.82 months and Time 2 M-age = 57.68 months). Preschoolers' language competence (linguistic complexity and receptive vocabulary) was assessed along with several pretend play measures (telephone task, imaginary pantomime task, pretense score from a free play session). Results showed that concurrently the telephone and imaginary pantomime task scores were associated with linguistic complexity at Time 1 and only the telephone score was related to linguistic complexity at Time 2. No concurrent associations were found between receptive vocabulary and pretend play measures. Furthermore, a longitudinal relation was found between language competence and one pretend play measure: Time 1 telephone score predicted Time 2 receptive vocabulary score. These findings are discussed in terms of the two domains potentially sharing the symbolic aspect as an underlying mechanism and social aspect through pretense creating contexts relevant to language development.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Who Wants Left-Wing Policies? Economic Preferences and Political Cleavages in Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yagcı, Alper H.; Harma, Mehmet; Tekgüç, Hasan
We administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
New Insights From Children With Early Focal Brain Injury: Lessons To Be Learned From Examining Stem-Related Skills
(Wiley, 2019) Demir-Lira, O. Ece; Aktan Erciyes, Aslı; Göksun, Tilbe
The study of cognitive development in children with early brain injury reveals crucial information about the developing brain and its plasticity. However information on long-term outcomes of these children especially in domains relevant to science technology engineering and math (STEM) remains limited. In the current review our goal is to address the existing research on cognitive development of children with pre- or perinatal focal brain lesion (PL) as it relates to children's STEM-related skills and suggest future work that could shed further light on the developmental trajectories of children with PL. We argue that examining STEM-related development in children with PL will have broader implications for our understanding of the nature of the plasticity children with PL exhibit as well as address theoretical questions in the field regarding the foundation skills for STEM including visuospatial and mathematical skills.
Citation - WoS: 4
Positive Affect and School Related Outcomes: Feeling Good Facilitates School Engagement Among Turkish-Bulgarian Minority Adolescents
(Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2017) Aydınlı-Karakulak, Arzu; Baylar, Ayben; Keleş, Seray Çağla; Dimitrova, Radosveta
Fredrickson's (Rev Gen Psychol 2: 300-319, 1998, Am Psychol 56: 218226, 2001) Broaden and Build Theory (BBT) proposes that experiencing positive affect results in broadened thoughts and behaviors, which facilitate adaptive responses to various environmental conditions. The present chapter tests the applicability of this theory for school engagement in an acculturation context and examines whether or to what extent positive affect also facilitates school engagement for 201 Turkish-Bulgarian adolescents (59% male) aged 14-19 years. Results showed that experiencing positive affect was positively related to school engagement among Turkish-Bulgarian youth, and thereby provide support for the applicability of Fredrickson's theory in an acculturation context. Findings highlight the role of positive affect for school engagement and can be used to facilitate the adaptation process of youth by promoting the creation of environments in which the experience of positive affect is fostered.
Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 10
Early Event Understanding Predicts Later Verb Comprehension and Motion Event Lexicalization
(Amer Psychologıcal Assoc, 2019) Aktan-Erciyes, Aslı; Göksun, Tilbe
Before infants produce words, they can discriminate changes in motion event components such as manner (how an action is performed) and path (trajectory of an action). Individual differences in nonlinguistic event categorization are related to children's later verb comprehension (Konishi, Stahl, Golinkoff, & Hirsh-Pasek, 2016). We asked: (a) Do infants learning Turkish, a verb-framed language, attend to both manner and path changes in motion events? (b) Is early detection of path and manner related to children's later verb comprehension and (c) how they describe motion events? Thirty-two Turkish-reared children were tested at three time points. At Time 1, infants (M-age = 14.5 months) were tested on their detection of changes in path and manner using the Preferential Looking Paradigm. At Time 2, children were tested on their receptive language skills (M-age = 22.07 months). At Time 3, children performed 3 tasks (M-age = 35.05 months): a verb comprehension task, an event description task depicting motion events with different path and manner combinations, and an expressive language task. The ability to detect changes in event components at Time 1 predicted verb comprehension abilities at Time 3, beyond general receptive and expressive vocabulary skills at Times 2 and 3. Infants who noticed changes in path and manner at Time 1 used fewer manner-only descriptions and more path-any descriptions (i.e., descriptions that included a path component with or without manner) in their speech at Time 3. These findings suggest that early detection of event components is associated not only with verb comprehension, but also with how children lexicalize event components in line with their native language.
Electronic Cigarette and Quit Smoking Quest in Twitter: Preliminary Study
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Uysal, Mehmet Atilla; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Kurnaz, Ahmet
Aims: Use of electronic cigarettes has dramatically increased in last few years. Although the sales of e-cigarettes were banned since 2013, they can still be easily purchased via online sales, and its' advertisement is rife in the social media. We aimed to take a closer look at the contents of the shared information about e-cigarettes on one such media outlet, Twitter. Methods: We tracked twitter for 102 days (from 25.09.2017-26.01.2018) searching for Turkish key words “electronic cigarettes”, “ ecigarettes”, or “e-cigarettes” using R software. This data was classified using unsupervised topic modelling. Resulting dataset was reduced and classified and 15 topics were established. Results: First 10 terms under each of the 15 topics were prioritized for this presentation. Words such as tobacco, dependence, cancerogen, substance, containing, waterpipe, liquid, liver indicated a general “harms of e-cigarettes” idea. Terms such as liquid, atomiser, IQS, health, aroma, variety, price, e-cigarette device pointed to “product advertising and marketing”. Text under topic 8 was more concerned with legalization issues, indicated by text such as “Iqos”(6) “omnibus bill”, “legal”. Text under topics 9 and 10 and the videos under topic 11 were mostly related to constraints in use and safety issues. Conclusion: Results of the study showed that chatter in the Turkish social media is mostly focused on those smokers contemplating quitting due to health risks involved in smoking. This points to an important opportunity for tobacco control community in Turkey to further inform the public on healthy ways to quit smoking and work to make cessation services more accessable Footnotes Cite this article as: European Respiratory Journal 2018 52: Suppl. 62, PA4544. This is an ERS International Congress abstract. No full-text version is available. Further material to accompany this abstract may be available at www.ers-education.org (ERS member access only).
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 12
Positional Priming of Visual Pop-Out Search Is Supported by Multiple Spatial Reference Frames
(Frontiers Media, 2015) Gökçe, Ahu; Mueller, Hermann J.; Geyer, Thomas
The present study investigates the representations(s) underlying positional priming of visual pop-out' search (Maljkodc and Nakayama 1996). Three search items (one target and two distractors) were presented at different locations in invariant (Experiment 1) or random (Experiment 2) cross-trial sequences. By these manipulations it was possible to disentangle retinotopic spatiotopic and object-centered priming representations. Two forms of priming were tested: target location facilitation (i.e. faster reaction times - RTswhen the trial n target is presented at a trial n-1 target relative to n-1 blank location) and distractor location inhibition (i.e. slower RTs for n targets presented at n-1 distractor compared to n-1 blank locations). It was found that target locations were coded in positional short-term memory with reference to both spatiotopic and object-centered representations (Experiment 1 vs. 2). In contrast distractor locations were maintained in an object-centered reference frame (Experiments 1 and 2). We put forward the idea that the uncertainty induced by the experiment manipulation (predictable versus random cross-trial item displacements) modulates the transition from object- to space-based representations in cross-trial memory for target positions.
Citation - WoS: 8
The Relationship Between Attachment To God Prosociality and Image of God
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2018) Bayramoğlu, Yunus; Harma, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Although religiosity fosters some antisocial behaviors (e.g. support for suicide attacks) it is well-known that it also enhances in-group cooperation and prosociality (e.g. donating to charity). Supernatural punishment hypothesis suggests that the fear of punishment from an invisible potent and powerful supernatural agent can keep everyone in line and encourage prosociality. We first investigated this relationship in a predominantly Muslim country and then tested a model suggesting that attachment to God can lead people to think God as authoritarian which in turn leads them to report more prosocial intentions. The results demonstrate that (1) there are some findings suggesting that Attachment to God Inventory is a reliable measure in Turkey (2) seeing God as authoritarian is positively correlated with prosociality and (3) our abovementioned model was supported by the data. Results generally support the supernatural punishment hypothesis and additionally show the utility of attachment theory in explaining the religiosity-prosociality link.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Are We at All Liberal at Heart? High-Powered Tests Find No Effect of Intuitive Thinking on Moral Foundations
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan;İşler, Ozan;Doğruyol, Burak
Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common intuitive concern with care and fairness supports the two-foundation perspective. In two high-powered preregistered experiments (N = 3275), we used time-pressure to induce intuitive thinking and tested Wright and Baril's finding that “we are all liberals at heart.” Although the manipulations worked as intended, Study 1 failed to identify an effect on the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ). We conjectured that familiarity with standard survey items may weaken intuition manipulations by eliciting stable opinions. In Study 2, we therefore used not only the MFQ but also novel moral foundations vignettes. Study 2 failed to find an effect of time-pressure on either questionnaire type. An internal Bayesian meta-analysis indicated strong evidence against an effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations.
Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 13
Factors That Influence Attitude and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey: a Survey of Hospitality Venue Owners and Employees
(Bmj Publishing Group, 2017) Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
Introduction In 2009 Turkey extended the smoke-free legislation to hospitality venues. Compliance however remains low in some hospitality venues. We identified characteristics associated with knowledge of health effects that can be prevented by the smoke-free law the attitude towards and enforcement of the law. Methods In 2014 we conducted 400 interviews with hospitality venue owners and employees in 7 cities in Turkey. The venues were identified based on a random sampling strategy in a previous phase of the study. Results Over one-third (37.3%) of hospitality owners and employees had adequate knowledge of the health effects from secondhand smoke (SHS) 71.3% had a positive attitude towards the law and 19.5% had personally enforced the law. Participants who worked 70 hours or more per week were more likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Older individuals women participants working in bars/nightclubs venue owners receiving fines for non-compliance and current smokers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Participants working in traditional coffee houses former smokers and participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to enforce the law. Smokers who quit or reduced smoking because of the law were more likely to enforce the law compared with those who were not influenced by the law. Conclusions Although the attitude towards the law was positive interventions are needed to increase knowledge on the health effects of SHS and facilitate enforcement of the law particularly among subgroups less likely to have a positive attitude and enforce the law.
Theory of Planned Behavior: Physical Activity Predictors Among Turkish University Students
(Human Kinetics Publ Inc, 2019) Gürleyik, Duygu; Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 34
Citation - Scopus: 38
Compliance With Smoke-Free Legislation Within Public Buildings: a Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
(World Health Organization, 2016) Navas-Acien, Ana; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Magid, Hoda; Pollak, Jonathan; Cohen, Joanna E.
ObjectiveTo investigate public compliance with legislation to prohibit smoking within public buildings and the extent of tobacco smoking in outdoor areas in Turkey. Methods Using a standardized observation protocol we determined whether smoking occurred and whether ashtrays cigarette butts and/or no-smoking signs were present in a random selection of 884 public venues in 12 cities in Turkey. We visited indoor and outdoor locations in bars/nightclubs cafes government buildings hospitals restaurants schools shopping malls traditional coffee houses and universities. We used logistic regression models to determine the association between the presence of ashtrays or the absence of no-smoking signs and the presence of individuals smoking or cigarette butts. Findings Most venues had no-smoking signs (629/884). We observed at least one person smoking in 145 venues most frequently observed in bars/nightclubs (63/79) hospital dining areas (18/79) traditional coffee houses (27/120) and government-building dining areas (5/23). For 538 venues we observed outdoor smoking close to public buildings. The presence of ashtrays was positively associated with indoor smoking and cigarette butts adjusted odds ratio aOR: 315.9

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