Ekonomi Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/57

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Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 14
Energy-Saving Behavior of Turkish Women: a Consumer Survey on the Use of Home Appliances
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Ucal, Meltem Şengün
This paper focuses on energy-related attitudes and behaviors of Turkish women who are the main users of electrical home appliances responsible for most household energy consumption. Answers from 1323 female respondents surveyed through a unique questionnaire formed the dataset. The results from analysis of variance show that education has a significant effect on the relationship between energy saving and awareness and attitudes about climate change. Significant differences also exist between education level groups in terms of knowledge of the classification of energy-saving electrical home appliances. Responses to questions related to energy-saving purchasing behaviors are consistently higher for knowledgeable respondents. The paper then uses factor analysis and ordinal logit models to reveal interactions between energy-saving behavior regarding electrical home appliances and several factors namely awareness sensitivity essentials and receptiveness. The identification of these factors can provide useful insights for policy makers that enable them to construct energy-saving policies specifically tailored toward women.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 21
Measuring Energy Intensity in Japan: a New Method
(Elsevier, 2017) Zaim, Osman; Gazel, Tuğçe Uygurtürk; Akkemik, K. Ali
Energy intensity and energy conservation have been important pillars of energy policies in Japan. Recently the government has introduced new initiatives to enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy intensity. We analyze the energy intensity in Japan for the period 1973-2006 by proposing a new method which takes into account all other inputs used in production and corrects for the bias in the traditional energy intensity measure. We show that the traditional energy intensity measure has serious flaw. The traditional measure overestimates actual energy intensity before the mid-1980s and largely underestimates afterwards. It is found that aggregate energy intensity has risen remarkably from 1991 to 2001. The main cause of this rise is the rapid rise in energy intensity in manufacturing and energy sectors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 31
Citation - Scopus: 36
Competition and Monopoly in the U.s. Economy: What Do the Industrial Concentration Data Show?
(Sage Publications, 2021) Davis, Leila; Orhangazi, Özgür
A recent series of academic studies, think-tank reports, and news articles shows widespread attention to rising industrial concentration and market power in the U.S. economy. In this paper, we focus on concentration in the U.S. nonfinancial corporate sector to make three contributions to the literature. First, we use examples from the debate on industrial concentration to show that there are often-divergent predictions in the theoretical literature surrounding the expected consequences of concentration and monopolization for nonfinancial firms. Second, we use industry-level concentration data to describe recent trends in average concentration. We show that, while concentration increases across the majority of industries after the late 1990s, the retail and information-services sectors are particularly key for understanding recent trends in average industrial concentration. Third, we link our industry-level analysis with firm-level data to describe the relationship between industrial concentration and nonfinancial corporations' profitability, markups, and investment. Consistent with the ambiguities in the theoretical literature, we find that these relationships are not uniform: while some highly concentrated industries confirm standard expectations with high markups, high profitability, and low investment rates, other highly concentrated industries earn lower-than-average markups and profits, suggesting that - in some industries - increased concentration and intensified competition may go hand in hand.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 16
Detecting Structural Changes Using Wavelets
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2015) Yazgan, M. Ege; Ozkan, Harun
We propose a powerful wavelet method to identify structural breaks in the mean of a process. If there is a structural change in the mean the sum of the squared scaling coefficients absorbs more variation leading to unequal weights for the variances of the wavelet and scaling coefficients. We use this feature of wavelets to design a statistical test for changes in the mean of an independently distributed process. We establish the limiting null distribution of our test and demonstrate that our test has good empirical size and substantive power relative to the existing alternatives especially for multiple breaks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
Ethnic Fractionalization Conflict and Educational Development in Turkey
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Oyvat, Cem; Tekgüç, Hasan
We examine the impact of ethnic fractionalization and conflict on limiting the educational development in Southeastern Turkey. Our estimates show that although the armed conflict in the region did not directly hinder education investments it reduced school enrolment rates at middle and high school levels while increasing enrolment at the primary school level. Moreover we show that provinces with higher percentages of Kurdish population received less education investment. These results suggest that the neglect of Kurdish areas is an important factor behind Southeastern Turkey's educational underdevelopment while land inequality and the armed conflict had mixed effects on education in the region.
Citation - WoS: 24
Citation - Scopus: 25
Declining Poverty and Inequality in Turkey: the Effect of Social Assistance and Home Ownership
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Tekgüç, Hasan
Social assistance has become prominent in combating poverty in developing countries and has also contributed to the popularity and election success of governments implementing it. In this paper I employ household surveys and investigate the effect of social assistance on poverty and income inequality in Turkey. I also review the recent literature on poverty as well as different components of social protection spending: education health pensions and housing. In the empirical analysis I show that pensions still constitute the bulk of public transfers to households. Moreover home ownership ameliorates poverty and inequality for Turkey. Despite its modest amounts social assistance reduces poverty and its marginal effect on income inequality is larger than other income sources. These findings suggest that increases in social assistance budgets should accompany other policy measures in combating poverty and inequality.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
Does Migration Contribute To Women's Empowerment? Portrait of Urban Turkey and Istanbul
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Eryar, Değer; Tekgüç, Hasan; Toktaş, Şule
This article empirically investigates the impact of internal migration on women's empowerment in urban areas of Turkey. Based on data from a nationally representative household survey we find that migration exerts a positive impact in urban settings through improvements in educational attainment and labor market outcomes. Migration contributes to women's empowerment by raising their education levels and lowering the gap in schooling between men and women. Migration also allows migrants both men and women and particularly those with tertiary education to access jobs and occupations in high wage regions like Istanbul. However unlike in education a gender wage gap persists even after migration.
Citation - WoS: 47
Citation - Scopus: 59
The Personality and Leadership Style of Recep Tayyip Erdogan: Implications for Turkish Foreign Policy
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Görener, Aylin; Ucal, Meltem Şengün
Recep Tayyip Erdog. an is clearly the most controversial figure in recent Turkish political history. His preponderance in political life is remarkable even by Turkish standards. Because Erdog. an is so powerful and has effectively weakened most internal checks on his power any attempt to explain Turkey's recent foreign policy outcomes will be seriously lacking without considering his leadership impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate Erdog. an's worldview and leadership style and evaluate their impact on his government's policy processes and outputs. To do that we employ the Leadership Trait Analysis technique to construct the leadership profile of Erdog. an through content analysis of his verbal records while in office. We contend here that our understanding of AKP-era Turkey is enhanced if we offer a systematic and rigorous account of Erdogan's personality and that he presents a clear example of the importance of taking individual-level variables seriously in foreign policy analysis.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Who Wants Left-Wing Policies? Economic Preferences and Political Cleavages in Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yagcı, Alper H.; Harma, Mehmet; Tekgüç, Hasan
We administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes.
Citation - WoS: 57
Citation - Scopus: 65
Energy Consumption-Gdp Nexus: Heterogeneous Panel Causality Analysis
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Akkemik, K. Ali; Göksal, Koray
Existing studies examining the Granger causality relationship between energy consumption and GDP use a panel of countries but implicitly assume that the panels are homogeneous. This paper extends the Granger causality relationship between energy consumption and GDP by taking into account panel heterogeneity. For this purpose we use a large panel of 79 countries for the period 1980-2007. Specifically we examine four different causal relationships: homogeneous non-causality homogeneous causality heterogeneous non-causality and heterogeneous causality. The results show that roughly seven-tenths of the countries exhibit bi-directional Granger causality two-tenths exhibit no Granger causality and one-tenths exhibit unidirectional Granger causality. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 9
Unveiling the Effects of a Headscarf Ban: Evidence From Municipal Jobs in Turkey
(Academic Press Inc., 2020) Çörekçioğlu, Gözde
Religious conservatism is often associated with patriarchal attitudes and deterioration of women's rights. This conventional wisdom has motivated ubiquitous policies that limit public expressions of religion and emphasize secular values. This paper demonstrates that a policy change which undermines secularity ends up empowering women. The current article takes advantage of a unique divergence in political institutions that occurred in Turkey's recent history to explore how revoking a headscarf ban affected employment outcomes of women in the public sector. In a difference-in-discontinuities setting, I exploit the before/after discontinuous policy variation and compare female employment within municipalities that have Islamist and secular mayors. I find that eliminating legal obstacles against observant Muslim women in the labor market improves female employment in Islamist municipalities. Yet, when women are not allowed to wear headscarves to work, Islamist mayors employ less women vis-à-vis secular mayors. Overall, findings point to unintended consequences of headscarf bans on pious women.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 21
A Dynamic Game Theory Model for Tourism Supply Chains
(Sage Publications, 2021) Keskin, Kerim; Ucal, Meltem Şengün
This article contributes to the game-theoretic analysis of tourism supply chains. We start with a baseline model including three types of agents: (a) one theme park, (b) multiple accommodation providers, and (c) multiple tour operators. We investigate the strategic dynamics (i.e., collaboration and competition) embedded in a market with two different tourism supply chains, and then we extend our model to an infinite-horizon repeated game arguing that agents would face the same decision problem in each week of every holiday season in each year. We show how agents in a tourism supply chain end up with higher profits in any given period of a repeated game compared with their profits in the static version of the game.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 13
Gender and the Wage Gap in Turkish Academia
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; O'Neil, Mary Lou; Toktaş, Şule
Turkey maintains one of the lowest female labour force participation rates in Europe but also boasts an above average number of female professors. Turkey is well above the European average (15 per cent) with approximately 28 per cent of full professorships being occupied by women. Despite these seemingly positive indications do men and women in Turkish academia earn the same wages? This study explores whether or not there exists a gendered pay gap in Turkish academia. Using data collected from a survey of more than 700 Turkish academics we observed that there is a gendered wage gap that disadvantages women but only at the highest pay levels found at private universities indicating the existence of intra-class inequality where men and women despite occupying the same class position are compensated differently.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 9
Can Law Impose Competition? a Critical Discussion and Evidence From the Turkish Electricity Generation Market
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Oğuz, Fuat; Akkemik, K. Ali; Göksal, Koray
Electricity markets have undergone regulatory reforms since the early 1980s around the world. Technical analyses of these reforms usually pay lip service to the influence of politics over regulatory processes. Existing studies examine certain aspects of the market such as demand pricing and efficiency and they touch upon political issues only passingly when economic models cannot provide sufficient explanation This approach problematically takes politics as an ad hoc variable. This study shows that electricity is intrinsically a 'political good' and argues that any meaningful reform effort should take institutions as the starting point rather than a residual. The argument that politics has to be an endogenous variable in any model aspiring to explain behavior in electricity markets is demonstrated in the paper. The evidence for the political good character of electricity is found by examining the Turkish regulatory reform for Which it is argued that there is not a satisfactory relationship between expected and realized gains. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 97
Citation - Scopus: 96
Macroeconomic and Institutional Determinants of Financialisation of Non-Financial Firms: Case Study of Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2014) Akkemik, K. Ali; Özen, Şükrü
We observe that industrial firms in Turkey have shifted substantial amounts of working capital from production activities to the purchase of high-yield interest-bearing assets most notably public bonds to ensure immediate short-term interest revenues. Introducing the new and historical institutional literatures to the financialisation research this article empirically examines the influences of macroeconomic and institutional factors on non-financial firms' financialisation behaviour for the period 1990-2002. The findings from panel regression analyses using data from 41 firms listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange indicate that both macroeconomic and institutional factors influence financialisation behaviour to different degrees. Turkish non-financial firms particularly engage in financialisation as a response to highly uncertain macroeconomic conditions. The findings indicate that the key characteristics of state-organised business system in Turkey such as firms' ties with the government and family ownership are not conducive to financialisation behaviour.
Social Foundations of Markets Money and Credit
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006) Aybar, Sedat
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 4
Is Fiscal Policy Sustainable in Turkey?
(M.E Sharpe Inc., 2010) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; Alici, Asli
The issue of the budget deficit has become one of the main themes of the economic policy implemented in Turkey and backed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) following the economic crisis of 2001. The main motivation for this study is the question of whether or not the government's financial policy is sustainable and satisfies the government's long-term budget constraint. The empirical analysis is based on tests of whether government expenditure and revenue are cointegrated considering the economic liberalization period of 1989-2008. The stability of fiscal policy is examined using the Johansen multivariate cointegration method. The findings of the sustainability tests indicate that fiscal policy from the liberalization of the economy up until the 2001 economic crisis was not sustainable.
Citation - WoS: 43
Citation - Scopus: 50
Relationship Between Financial Crisis and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries Using Semiparametric Regression Approach
(Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, 2010) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; Ozcan, Kivilcim Metin; Bilgin, Mehmet Hüseyin; Mungo, Julius
This paper analyzes whether and to what extent the inflow of FDI is affected before and after the occurence of a financial crisis in developing countries. The paper uses a semiparametric Generalized Partial Linear Models (GPLM) regression approach to check the appropriateness and effectiveness of financial crisis in the FDI regression model. The results indicate that FDI inflows decrease in the years after a financial crisis and an upturn in FDI inflows the year before a financial crisis hit the country.
Citation - WoS: 240
Citation - Scopus: 279
The Role of Trade and Fdi for Co2 Emissions in Turkey: Nonlinear Relationships
(Elsevier, 2019) Haug, Alfred Albert; Ucal, Meltem Şengün
This paper examines the effects of foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emissions in Turkey. We consider linear and nonlinear ARDL models and find significant asymmetric effects of exports, imports and FDI on CO2 emissions per capita. However, FD1 has no statistically significant long-run effects. In the long run, decreases in exports reduce CO2 emissions per capita but increases in exports have no statistically significant effects. Increases in imports push up CO2 emissions per capita, while decreases in imports have no long-run effects. On the other hand, CO2 intensity, which measures CO2 emissions per unit of energy, is not influenced by exports and imports, nor by FDI. Instead, it is affected positively by financial development and urbanization. Also, we find that an environmental Kuznets curve is present for both CO2 measures so that increases in real GDP per capita have led to reductions in CO2 emissions for at least the most recent decade, controlling for other confounding factors. Furthermore, the sectoral shares of CO2 emissions in total CO2 emissions change asymmetrically with foreign trade for two of four sectors, with export increases leading to lower CO2 shares and imports having the opposite effect. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 80
Citation - Scopus: 96
Multidirectional Relationship Between Energy Resources, Climate Changes and Sustainable Development: Technoeconomic Analysis
(Elsevier, 2020) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; Xydis, George
Global changes in temperature will likely change energy use and electricity production capacity. Considering the relationship between climate change and energy resource use, changes in temperature and the frequency and intensity of extreme events will affect how much energy is produced and consumed. The green economy and green growth are located at the heart of the fight against climate change in creating sustainable development. This paper considers the multidirectional relations between climate change, energy resources, and sustainable development including the perspective of a green economy via a technoeconomic analysis. A link among energy resources, climate changes and sustainable development has been displayed via a technoeconomic analysis in the case study, which was focused on taking into consideration the needs of the hydroponic units, the product selling price, the electricity price of the wind farm (WF), and at the same time the energy demand, under a nexus approach. Via the technoeconomic analysis, it was proven that moving on to smaller investments of 2 MWs is more efficient compared to larger projects e.g. 18 MWs, however, this cannot be considered immediately as the preferred solution since it is always a matter of impact on the local society.

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