Türk Hukukunda Ortak Velayet
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2025
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Evlilik birliği devam ederken, anne ve baba tarafından velayet ortak şekilde yürütülür. Bunun yanı sıra, evlilik birliğinin boşanmayla sonuçlanmasının ardından ya da anneyle babanın evlenmemiş olması halinde müşterek çocuğun velayetinin kime verileceği konusunda bazı görüş ayrılıkları bulunmaktadır. Bu tartışmaların sonucunda ise ortak velayet kurumu meydana gelmiş, bu konuya dair görüş ayrılıklarının değerlendirilerek çözüme ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Türk Medeni Kanunu, evlilik birliği devam ettiği sürece ebeveynlerin velayeti birlikte kullanacaklarını açıkça düzenlemiş olsa da boşanma sonrası ya da evlilik dışı birlikteliklerde ortak velayetin mümkün olup olmadığına dair açık bir hükme yer verilmemiştir. Bu nedenle, uzun süre boyunca yargı kararlarında ortak velayet kamu düzenine aykırı kabul edilmiş ve uygulama alanı bulamamıştır. Ancak Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi'ne Ek 7 No'lu Protokol'ün yürürlüğe girmesiyle birlikte Yargıtay, bu konudaki yerleşik içtihadını değiştirerek Türk hukuk sisteminde ortak velayetin mümkün olabileceğini kabul etmiştir. Bu gelişme ile, doktrindeki 'ortak velayet mümkün müdür?' tartışması yerini, 'ortak velayet nasıl düzenlenmelidir?' sorusuna bırakmıştır. Ortak velayet, günümüzde birçok ülkenin hukuk sisteminde yer bulmakta ve ülkemizde de giderek kabul görmeye başlamaktadır. Ancak Türkiye'de ortak velayete ilişkin açık bir yasal düzenlemenin bulunmaması, yalnızca uluslararası sözleşmelerde yer alan genel hükümler uyarınca uygulama yapılmasına neden olmakta ve bu durum hukuk devleti ilkesinin gerektirdiği yasal açıklıkla çelişmektedir.
While the marriage union continues, custody is carried out jointly by the mother and father. In addition, there are some differences of opinion about who will be given joint custody of the child after the marriage union ends in divorce or if the mother and father are unmarried. As a result of these discussions, a joint custody institution has been established and it is aimed to reach a solution by evaluating the differences of opinion on this issue. Although it is clearly stated in the Turkish Civil Code that parents living in a marital union will use custody together, the regulation that is not included in the law that custody will be used jointly after divorce and in non-marital relationships has been clarified in this way. When we look at the judicial decisions, it is seen that joint custody has not been accepted until recently due to the fact that it constitutes a violation of public order. However, after the entry into force of ECHR Protocol No. 7, the established practice of the Court of Cassation was abandoned and it was decided that joint custody was applicable under Turkish Law. In this case, it is seen that the discussion of whether joint custody is possible in the doctrine has been replaced by a new discussion about how arrangements should be made for joint custody. In addition to gaining a place in the legal system of many countries in joint custody, this arrangement has started to be accepted in our country. However, the application of joint custody in accordance with the general provisions of international agreements without legal regulation is also one of the additions in the rule of law.
While the marriage union continues, custody is carried out jointly by the mother and father. In addition, there are some differences of opinion about who will be given joint custody of the child after the marriage union ends in divorce or if the mother and father are unmarried. As a result of these discussions, a joint custody institution has been established and it is aimed to reach a solution by evaluating the differences of opinion on this issue. Although it is clearly stated in the Turkish Civil Code that parents living in a marital union will use custody together, the regulation that is not included in the law that custody will be used jointly after divorce and in non-marital relationships has been clarified in this way. When we look at the judicial decisions, it is seen that joint custody has not been accepted until recently due to the fact that it constitutes a violation of public order. However, after the entry into force of ECHR Protocol No. 7, the established practice of the Court of Cassation was abandoned and it was decided that joint custody was applicable under Turkish Law. In this case, it is seen that the discussion of whether joint custody is possible in the doctrine has been replaced by a new discussion about how arrangements should be made for joint custody. In addition to gaining a place in the legal system of many countries in joint custody, this arrangement has started to be accepted in our country. However, the application of joint custody in accordance with the general provisions of international agreements without legal regulation is also one of the additions in the rule of law.
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Hukuk, Law
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Sustainable Development Goals
5
GENDER EQUALITY

8
DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

9
INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE

10
REDUCED INEQUALITIES
