Spin-Glass Phases and Multichaos in the Ashkin–Teller Model

Abstract

The global phase diagram of the Ashkin–Teller spin glass is calculated in d=3 spatial dimensions by renormalization-group theory. Depending on the value of the positive or negative four-spin interaction, qualitatively different topologies are found for the spin-glass phase diagram in the usual variables of temperature and fraction of antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interactions. Two different spin-glass phases occur. Both spin-glass phases are chaotic. One spin-glass exhibits phase reentrance that is reverse from the reentrances seen in previous spin-glass phase diagrams. Seven different phases: Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, entropic ferromagnetic and entropic antiferromagnetic, spin-glass and entropic spin-glass, and disordered phases occur. The entropic ferromagnetic phase unusually but understandably occurs at temperatures above one spin-glass phase. A random disorder line is identified and no phase transition occurs on this line. Our calculation is exact on the d = 3 hierarchical lattice and Migdal–Kadanoff approximate on the cubic lattice. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd.