The effect of external actors on the courses of asymmetric conflicts: PKK, Ltte, and Farc
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Date
2019
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Kadir Has Üniversitesi
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Abstract
İkinci Dünya savaşından sonraki dönemde artış gösteren ve bugün dünyanın birçok
yerinde farklı motivasyonlarla varlık gösteren silahlı örgütler iç savaş literatürünün ana
konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma da asimetrik yöntemlerle savaşan devletdışı
silahlı örgütlerin güçlü taraf olan devletlere karşı varlıklarını nasıl sürdürebildiğini
sorunsallaştırmaktadır ve silahlı örgütlerin savaşın zayıf tarafı olmalarına rağmen dış
aktörlerden aldıkları destek sayesinde uzun yıllar şiddet kullanma kapasitelerini devam
ettirebildiklerini savunmaktadır. Dış aktörlerin ise silahlı örgütlere yardım etmekle
savaşın sürecine, aktörlerin tutumlarına ve dolayısıyla sonucuna ciddi ölçüde etki
ettiğini iddia etmektedir. Bahsi geçen argümanların ne derece geçerli olduğunu
görebilmek için asimetrik taktikler benimseyen üç farklı silahlı örgütün karşılaştırmalı
incelenmesi yoluna başvurulmaktadır.Bu örgütler uzun süre çeşitli dış desteklerin
varlığı sayesinde ayakta kalabilmiş Kürdistan İşçi Partisi (PKK), Tamil Eelam Kurtuluş
Kaplanları (LTTTE) ve Kolombiya Devrimci Silahlı Güçleri (FARC)’tır. Bu örgütlerin
detaylı analizi, diğer silahlı örgütlerin var olmasına etki eden faktörlerin anlaşılması ve
neden oldukları şiddete son verilmesi açısından önemli bulgular sunmaktadır.
Non-state armed groups that have shown an increase after World War II constitutes the main subject of civil conflicts. In this study, the question of how the non-state armed groups can continue their existence against the stronger side of the conflict which is state, is problematized. And it is argued that even though they are the disadvantaged side in terms of power, thanks to the acquisition of assistance provided by external actors they become able to maintain their capacity to inflict cost. As for external actors, this study contends that they influence the course and settlement of the conflicts as well as the behaviors of the warring parties significantly. To test the validity of the arguments, the thesis employs a comparative analysis of three different armed groups which adopted the asymmetric warfare. These armed groups are the ones that managed to survive for many years by the external support as follows: the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK), the Liberation Tamil Tigers Eelam (LTTE), and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The detailed analysis of these cases provides important implications in terms of understanding the persistence of armed groups and the ways to end their violent activities.
Non-state armed groups that have shown an increase after World War II constitutes the main subject of civil conflicts. In this study, the question of how the non-state armed groups can continue their existence against the stronger side of the conflict which is state, is problematized. And it is argued that even though they are the disadvantaged side in terms of power, thanks to the acquisition of assistance provided by external actors they become able to maintain their capacity to inflict cost. As for external actors, this study contends that they influence the course and settlement of the conflicts as well as the behaviors of the warring parties significantly. To test the validity of the arguments, the thesis employs a comparative analysis of three different armed groups which adopted the asymmetric warfare. These armed groups are the ones that managed to survive for many years by the external support as follows: the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK), the Liberation Tamil Tigers Eelam (LTTE), and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). The detailed analysis of these cases provides important implications in terms of understanding the persistence of armed groups and the ways to end their violent activities.
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Keywords
Asymmetric warfare, Non-state armed groups, External assistance, Insurgent capacity, PKK, LTTE, FARC, Asimetrik savaş, Devletdışı silahlı örgütler, Dış aktör desteği, Örgüt kapasitesi