Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü

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Are the Chinese a "model minority"? or is this just a myth? why is this important for diversity and multiculturalism in the USA and a postethnic America?
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2009) Korhan, Zeytune Fulya; Drabble, John
Asian Americans are called "model minorities" in the USA. This thesis will assess whether Chinese Americans are model minorities by examining traditional patriarchy, race, class position, gender and mixed cultural identity in the novels The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan and Paper Daughter by M. Elaine Mar. It will examine if the model minority concept is a myth created by white Americans and why the question of whether the Chinese are a "model minority" is important for multiculturalism and diversity in the USA and a postethnic America. These two novels are about the lives of female Chinese immigrants, and their daughters who were born in the USA.The daughters become examples of the model minority at the end of both novels, but one of them thinks that the concept of the model minority is a myth. Whites take themselves to be the models, and the characteristics of the model minority are those that enable other ethnic cultures to assimilate into their culture, white Anglo-Saxon culture. This is the role the model minority plays in the myth of assimilation. In both of the novels, the second-generation immigrant daughters first assimilate into white Anglo Saxon culture, but they cannot be happy trying to be someone that they are not and they find their real identities, at the end of the novels, as Chinese Americans of mixed racial and cultural identities. If all the individuals can acquire mixed racial and cultural identities, then the differences between ethnic groups diminish and they understand each other's cultures better. Assimilation becomes a meaningless word when there are no big differences between ethnic groups. In assimilation, a person should change her habits, tastes, thoughts and behavior totally. But it does not have to be that way. She/He can be multicultural. But there is one problem. Whites do not want to be multicultural since they claim that this country is theirs. As David Hollinger writes, whites should accept that they are Euro-Americans, one of the ethnic groups and a part of the diversity, and that this country does not belong to them, but is a country formed by different ethnic groups and cultures coming together.Only then can there be optional ethnicity and America can go beyond multiculturalism to a postethnic America. For this to become true, all ethnic groups in the U.S. should accept that they formed a new ethnicity and culture called "American". In the novels, we see that the daughters call themselves Americans. This will enable all the individuals in America to live in peace, enjoying diversity instead of living in racism, hostility and violence.
Arm-wrestling a super power: American representations in Turkish comedies
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2010) Kahraman, Elif; Akser, Murat
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the cinematic representations of American characters in Turkish comedy films. It claims that through comedy films Turkish society expresses its feelings and thoughts about Americans. This study suggests that Turkish comedies that represent American characters are not only aimed at providing amusement to Turkish audiences but also express feelings on changing the power relations of the real world. While these comedies turn the power relations upside down, they make Turkish characters superior because of the fact that American representations just include the American military and CIA, which are regarded as powerful institutions. Beating these institutions provides superiority to the Turkish side in representations. From this point of view, this study includes the changing relations between Orientalism and Occidentalism via these films.For the study, five films have been chosen (Five Masqueraders " Iraq, Americans at Black Sea " 2, European, Ottoman Republic and Super Spy K9) to show American representations that are related with the American military and CIA. It explores the three findings of physical, behavioral and linguistic representations of the American characters. This study is important in that it unites American Studies and Film Studies and it also the first that examines American representations in contemporary Turkish comedy films. The main aim of this study is to reveal the hidden thoughts and feelings about Americans in general from the perspective of Turkish comedies.
Black and white guns and fear :gun ownership in the U.S.A
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2006) Uygun, Pinar; Mills, Bronwyn
Silah sahibi birçok ABD vatandaşı, silahlarını kendilerini korumak amacıyla bulundurduklarını söylüyorlar. İstatistikler ise ABD’de insanların silahlarını kendilerini koruma amacından daha çok intihar olaylarında ve kasıtsız atışlarda kullandıklarını gösteriyor. Buna rağmen yine de ABD’de kendini koruma duygusunun tahrikiyle yoğun bir saplantıya dönüşen bireysel silahlanmanın temel nedeni, ABD vatandaşlarının paranoyası ve korkusudur denilebilir. Bu paranoya ve korkunun kökleri ABD’nin kuruluş döneminde, vahşetin ülkeyi keşfeden beyazların aktivitelerinde önemli bir rol oynadığı günlere uzanıyor. Afrika kökenli ABD’liler sürgün (ailesinden ayırmak), kırbaçlama, dayak, tecavüz, sakatlama ve hatta bir organı kesmeyi içeren uygulamalara tabi tutuluyorlardı. Bu sert koşullar sayesinde kölelik düzeninin sürekliliği sağlanıyordu. Bazı bölgelerdeki koloni yönetimleri köleliğin devam etmesini desteklemek amacıyla kolonistlere silah dağıtmayı düşünürken, kölelerin ve hatta özgür Afrika kökenli ABD’lilerin hayatlarını kontrol etmek amacıyla “kölelik kuralları” adında yasalar yürürlüğe sokuluyordu. Çalışmamın birinci bölümünde ABD’nin kuruluş döneminde Afrika kökenli ABD’lilere karşı sürdürülen uygulamalara, bazı eyaletlerin yasalarına değindim. İkinci bölümde bu şartlarda silahların beyaz ABD’liler için önemini, Afrika kökenli ABD’lileri silahsızlandırma ve onları beyaz egemenliğine karşı koyma yollarından mahrum etme amacıyla yürürlüğe giren yasaları inceleyerek tanımladım. İkinci bölümde 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Ku Klux Klan ve diğer ırkçı örgütlerin beyaz ırkın üstünlüğünü korumak amacıyla Afrika kökenli ABD’lileri korkuttuklarına, onlara karşı silahlı saldırılarda bulunduklarına değinerek, yeniden yapılandırma döneminde (Reconstruction) Afrika kökenli ABD’lilerin kalıtsal olarak vahşi, hayvani ve yıkıcı insanlar olduklarını, cezayı ve ölümü hakettiklerini ima eden belirli ırkçı stereotiplerin kurgulandığını anlattım. Üçüncü bölümde medya tarafından çizilen bir çok sterotipik davranışın aslında kölelik sisteminin zenciler üzerinde bıraktığı uzun süreli olumsuz etkiler yüzünden kaynaklandığını ama medyanın bunun belirtmeyerek beyaz üstünlüğünü onayladığını vurguladım. Ayrıca günümüz medyasındaki ırkçı stereotipleri inceleyerek zencilere giydirilen olumsuz imajın beyazlarda bireysel silahlanma ile sonuçlanan bir paranoyaya neden olduğunu belirtmeye çalıştım.
Blues and arabesk a comparative study
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2006) Yurdakul, Yasemin; Endres, Clifford W.
Music is a reflection of a culture. There is a vast collection of musical genres in human history as many as the cultures in the history of mankind. Blues and arabesk are only two examples. Is it possible that these two distinct musical genres formed on lands far apart have common traits? This paper examines the parallelism of blues and arabesk in terms of the formation of the genres. Both blues and arabesk are the products of cultures of people located in a new land carrying their cultural traditions of the places they have left. The music is formed through interaction with the culture met, roots in the old tradition. Blues is not African music, it is African American. Arabesk is neither Turkish Folk nor Turkish Art music. When themes are analyzed it reveals that the strength of these two musical genres in terms of the bonds, the solidarity they offer their audiences generates through the use of the ‘‘implied narrative’’(Stokes) which is known by both the singer and the audience. By dealing with the results of the conditions, the music eloquently fulfills its protest characteristic without protesting the authority directly. In determining the parallelism of two musical genres so different, the cultures they were formed in and especially the experiences of people play an important role. Both blues and arabesk are the products of the culture of their people and the setting they were formed in.
A comparative study of Turkhish and American activist theatre in the 20th century
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2008) Unal, Ozum; O'Neil, Mary Lou
The essential goal of this project is two-fold: to gain a greater understanding of the role of activist theater in Turkey and in the U.S and discuss the need for activist theater. The research component of this project includes the historical context of activist theater and delves into its purpose in today?s world. The decades of the 1960s and 1970s saw the development of the Theater of the Oppressed and other activist theater movements that sought to creatively expose inequality. My project takes into account the historical setting of modern activist theater and then discusses the urgent need for these types of productions to continue to be staged today. -- Abstract'tan.
A discourse analysis of the abortion debate in Turkey and the United States
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2009) Komut, Sultan; O'Neil, Mary Lou
Bu tezin yazilis amaci Kurtaj meselesinin Amerika ve Turkiye'deki durumunu din ahlak ekonomi sosyal normlar kadin haklari gibi farkli yazili ve sozlu soylemleri kullanarak gozlemleme ve analiz etme yoluyla bu iki kulturu kiyaslamaktir. Turk toplumunun kurtaja bakis acisinin anlatildigi bolumde: ulkedeki hakim din olan Ýslamiyet ve din olgusunun getirdigi yaptirimlar odak noktasi olmustur. cunku din olgusu toplumun gelenek-gorenek inanc ve tutumlarini olusturmada kacinilmaz bir etkiye sahiptir.
The eclipse of Apollo: Passion and violence in the theatre of break
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2014) Kartal, Esra; Lou Oneil, Mary; Howlett, Jeffrey Winslow
The purpose of this thesis is to claim that even though there are centuries between the plays, they share and display the basic fight of the human nature which happens between the reason and the insanity. The duality of the mind actually gives life to existence of tragedy. However, concept of "madness" which is caused by this duality mostly results in violence that cannot be controlled in spite of the reason. This idea suggests that the ups and downs of the characters in the plays that have a significant effect on the course and the results of the events. For the study, two ancient Greek plays were chosen, Medea, and Oresteia. In parallel to these plays, two American plays were chosen to make the comparison with the Ancient Greek Drama, Mourning Becomes Electra and Street Car Named Desire. These plays all record moments of break-down: times when the system—the family, the state, the social norms—can no longer be seen as effective, functional or natural. The existing order is shown to be false and corrupt. This moment of break applies at all levels: Apollo and the critique of reason, social structures and the epistemological limits they impose, and indeed the genre of drama itself. When these systems show themselves to be old, static and oppressive, this type of theatre emerges to question the old order. Violence, passion and madness are deconstructive. The rational does not always explain power structures that confine us. Indeed, its purpose is to deny them. Reason alone cannot create compelling drama.
Economic independence of women in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's works
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2010) Yavaş, Ülkü; Lou Oneil, Mary
This thesis aims to analyze the works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman in terms ofeconomic independence of women in the view of feminism and gender identity. Gilmanadvocated that women should work and take part in the labor market to eradicate their oppression and to contribute to women's improvement. Feminism means to struggleagainst men's patronizing and dominating over women legally, socially andeconomically and to defend that women are humans rather than sex. Feminists defendthat women have the same intellectual and professional capacity to work as men.Accordingly, Gilman believed that women contribute more to human progress if theywere given the same opportunity and freedom as men. She harshly criticized women's being parasite who were not working outside but imprisoned at homes doing onlyhousework and childrearing. In this case, women are economically dependent to men:Husbands are employers while wives are employees.Gilman wrote utopic novels to present solutions for economic inequitiesbetween men and women. She tried to reconstruct new modern gender roles for women,and to clear away the former constructed gender roles of the man-made world. In theirutopic countries, Gilman's strong and independent women characters have no pressuresof this man-made world. Adopting Herbert Spencer's conception of Social Darwinism,Gilman claimed that if women had to fall behind men in time by the social evolution;they can regain their economic, intellectual and social independence by social evolution.For Gilman, a social evolution is essential, and this needs women?s economicparticipation.
Esatern warriors and western lovers: Opera in David Henry Hwang's work
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2003) Bitigen, Melda; Meskill, Sermin Lynn
[Abstract Not Available]
Fantasy setting narrative space in the queer cinema of the usa (1990s–2010s)
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2016) Selen, Eser; Selen, Eser
Fantasy Setting Narrative Space in the Queer Cinema of the USA (1990s–2010s) investigates the origins and functioning of particular choices of setting fantasy elements and non-linear narrative structures in the queer cinema of the United States from the 1990s to 2010s. The study aims to identify a comprehensive counter-culture utopianism in queer cinema with selected examples from American and to a lesser degree world cinema. What is common in the selected films is the notion of escape and the creation and utilization of alternative spaces in which queer-identified characters can take refuge. in the context of the study escape and alternative spaces are associated with revolutionary practices in light of arguments that are derived from the work of Gilles Deleuze Félix Guattari José Muñoz and to some extent Marc Augé. The selection of films which also includes some queer classics such as The Living End The Watermelon Woman and Shortbus are assessed through a combination of formalist and contextualist approaches. The formal analyses of the films concentrate on various queer film settings ranging from the road and the stage to the prison and the concentration camp as well as several counter-narrative strategies such as parody pastiche and narrative intransitivity along with particular uses of miseen- scène camera movements sounds editing choices characterization and genre. Special attention is given to cultural and historical context and the representation of sexuality race gender and class is taken into consideration. The study reveals the special ways in which queer films give a critique of heteronormativity racism class inequality commodity culture and nuclear family as well as mainstream film production which denies or suppresses the queer existence.
A freudian study of depression in post World War ii American theatre
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2009) Günay, Emre; Gumpert, Matthew
Depresyonu anlamak icin karakterin yetisip buyudugu ve bilincaltinin olustugu gecmis sartlari incelemek gerekir. Gecmisten gelen anilarla dolu olan bilincalti davranisin sekillenmesinde onemli rol oynar. Ve bazidusunceler topluma uyum saglamak amaciyla bastirilir. Bilincaltinin bir parcasi olan bastirma kisinin bilincine surekli baski yapar. Bilincalti ve onun parcasi olan bastirma karakterlerin depresyonunu aciklamada odak noktasi olacaktir. Ýnsanlar kayiplari karsisinda uzulurler ama kayiplari gercekten kaybettiklerinin otesindedir cunku bilincin otesindedir. Bireyin trajedisi depresyonsuzyasama sansi olmayisidir.
From "Boxes" to "Cages": A comparative analysis of feminist themes in Sevim Burak and Ursula K. Le Guin
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2016) Komut, Sultan; O'neil, Mary Lou
Karşılaştırmalı bir edebiyat çalışması olarak bu tez Sevim Burak ve Ursula K. Le Guin'in eserlerindeki feminist temalardaki benzerlikleri ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlar. İki yazarın bazı temaları eserlerine dâhil edip, bazılarını dışarıda bırakmak suretiyle temaları ele alış şekillerindeki farklılıkları işaret eder. Bu bakımdan tez, dahil etmenin yanı sıra, dışarıda bırakmayı da konu edinir. Sevim Burak bu temaları yaşadığımıza benzeyen, sıradan dünyalarda alışagelmemiş bir yazı stiliyle dile getirirken, Ursula K. Le Guin geleneksel bir yazı stiliyle sıra dışı dünyalar ve karakterler yaratır. Eserlerini yaratma süreçlerinde her iki yazar da phallogosentrik dili yok etmeyi amaçlar, bu nedenle her iki yazar da feminist yazın geleneğinin temsilcileri olarak düşünülebilir. Özellikle Sevim Burak Ecriture Feminine geleneğinin bir temsilcisidir. Burak ve Le Guin'in eserlerinde temel olarak incelenen; ötekilik, baskı ve içselleştirilmiş itaatkarlık temaları bağlam, karakter ve söylem analizleri yoluyla incelenmiştir. Kadınların patriyarkal, 'eril' bakış açısı ile değerlendirildiği; hem zihinde hem de mekanda 'öteki' olarak kabul edildiği ileri sürülmüştür. Bu bağlamda zihindeki ötekilik kadınların mental olarak değersizleştirilmesi olarak ifade edilirken, mekandaki ötekilik daha elle tutulur, somut sonuçlar olarak sunulmuştur. Ötekilik başlığında değersizleştirilme yoluyla 'kadınlaştırılmış' karakterlere de özel bir parantez açılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, kadınlar üzerindeki baskı iki ana başlıkta incelenmiştir: Bireysel baskı formları ve kolektif baskı formları. Eserlerde, anne baba baskısı ve evliliğin getirdiği baskı bireysel baskı formları olarak ele alınırken, kolektif baskı formları din, patriyarkal toplum ve metalaştırmaya odaklanır. Çeşitli yollarla baskılanan kadınların sınırlı seçenekleri olduğu ifade edilmiştir: İtaatkârlığı içselleştirmek ya da baskıyı sorgulamak hatta onunla mücadele etmek. İtaatkârlığı içselleştirenlerin zamanla ya bağımlı ya da imaj güdümlü karakterler oldukları ifade edilmiştir. Baskıya karşı mücadelelerinde çoğu kadın kendileri ile baskı şekilleri arasındaki gerilimde kaybolmuş ve çoğunlukla bu mücadele karakterlerin ölümleriyle sonuçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sevim Burak, Ursula K. Le Guin, feminist eleştiri, kurgu, kadın temsilleri, baskı türleri, din, aile, evlilik, metalaştırma, ötekilik, içselleştirilmiş itiatkârlık
Hamurgers and hand-holding: Mcdonald's in Turkey
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2012) Üçer, Nur; Lou, O'neil Mary
Many countries are associated with the brands that they produce in this age among these brands. There are not only the consumption goods but also the brands of food and beverage. One of the best examples to the issue is that McDonald.s is the brand that comes to mind first when said America. This thesis of which subject is based on the effect of fast food culture and especially theeffects of McDonald.s which has a leading role in this change on local food cultures. This work also includes a researchwhich investigates the reality of globalization thechange in the eating habits and also socio-cultural effects. -- Abstract'tan.
The horizon rising above Zora Neale Hurston’s works
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2016) Önder, Dilek; Howlett, Jeffrey
Zora Neale Hurston the prominent writer of the Harlem Renaissance has led the way for the future writers of black letters in terms of representing blacks in literature. This doctoral thesis is aiming at exploring how Zora Neale Hurston sets a horizon which constitutes her aim to represent the black identity within the metaphorical “contact zone” where white discourse and black discourse meet and originates a “resistant text.” in her works she mines the rich vein of black folk culture and folk expressions to a very great degree and designates the effort to represent folk culture in a new aesthetic standard as her artistic horizon. She advocates using folk material without any alteration and feels that the collective African heritage should be the main tool for a black artist to light the way to the horizon. Hurston could not accept such an accommodation to the canon and criticized her peers for neglecting the opportunity of demonstrating the verbal and artistic talents everywhere evident in the black community not just in its most privileged and educated members. in this thesis i propose that the linguistic horizon Hurston bases on black rhetoric of Signifyin(g) is her main tool for both true representation of blacks and subtle criticism of her contemporaries.
Hybridization of American Cosmo business women's image in the Turkish version of Cosmopolitan and Elele magazines for 2009
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2011) Emeksiz, Gülçin İpek; Lou Oneil, Mary
Cosmopolitan is an international popular magazine published as 63 editions in 36 languages for women who talk the same `women?s language? worldwide. The ideology of Cosmopolitan is that women should be sexually influencing and satisfying men in terms of their sex appeal. The world for Cosmo woman turns around a modern fantasy empowering women with their sexuality. The Cosmo career woman, a beautiful female with an attractive and proportional body image, represents the ideals that business women should have to achieve success at their business and their sexual relationships. The magazine heavily adorned with a sexual language presents various data on fashion, beauty, and sex so that career women lead a pleasant and qualified life. The American version challenges women?s invisibility at the business sphere where male values are dominated because of her femininity and serves as a guideline for the Turkish version. In this thesis, the hybridization process of American Cosmo business women?s image is discussed in the magazine?s Turkish version and how certain values of the American culture are reflected or culturally borrowed from another Turkish magazine called Elele are shown. Meanwhile, the differences between these women?s lifestyle magazines that result from cultural dissimilarities are revealed.
The "I" in Istanbul: Reflections of American expatriate women on the city and on their conflicts of identity
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2014) Sabuncu, Ayşe Neslihan; O'neil, Mary Lou
Bu tez, İstanbul'da yaşayan Amerikalı kadınların kimlik çatışmalarını incelemektedir. "Cinsiyet" diye bir kategorinin olup olmadığı ve bu kategorinin "öteki" liğe neden olup olmadığı konusunda süregelen tartışmalar da bu tezin kapsamında yer almaktadır. İstanbul'da Amerikalı bir kadın olmak ve "öteki"likle sonuçlanan kültürlerarası çatışmaları deneyimlemek de bu tezin odağında bulunmaktadır. İstanbul'daki cinsiyet yaklaşımlarını ve kültürel uygulamaları ortaya çıkarmak ve bu kadınların kimliklerinin bu şehirde nasıl dönüştüğünü incelemek için 32 Amerikalı kadınla standart görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırmada yer alan katılımcıların İstanbul'da yaşadıkları süre 2 ay ile 41 yıl arasında çeşitlilik göstermekteydi ve ayrıca bu katılımcılar farklı meslek alanlarında çalışmaktaydılar. Grounded Theory (Gömülü Teori) yöntemiyle yapılan araştırmanın sonucunda ortaya çıkan başlıca tematik kodlar kimliğin inşası, üstünlük ve aşağılık, ötekiliğin silinemeyişi ve küresel ve kutuplaşan kültürlerdir. Toplanan veriler ve yapılan analizler, katılımcıların çok katmanlı kimliklerini bir yerden ötekine taşıdığını göstermektedir. Ne tamamiyle Doğulu ne de tamamiyle Batılı olan bir kültürle karşı karşıya kalan İstanbul'daki bu Amerikalı kadınlar, kendi kimlik sınırlarını genişletmişlerdir. Bu gruptaki Amerikalı kadınlardan "öteki" kategorisinden "bizden birisi" kategorisine geçişi beklenmesine rağmen, Türk bağlamında bu beklenti gerçekleşememiştir. Bu çalışma, yabancı bir coğrafya olarak İstanbul'da yaşayanların "bizden birisi" olarak benimsenme konusundaki uzlaşılamaz tutumu ve bu grubun İstanbul'daki yaşantılarına kendilerine yakıştırılan "yabancı" statüsüyle devam etmekte olduğu sonucunu ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: cinsiyet, kültür, kimlik
Individual freedom and the position of the supernatural in Ancient Greek and modern American tragedy
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2010) Giritli, Mehmet Zeki; Gumpert, Matthew
The purpose of this master thesis study is to claim that in the tragedy form, it is not possible to interpret all the acts through a fatalistic reading, whether it is an Ancient Greek play or a modern play. It suggests that the psychological conditions of the characters have the major importance in the course of the events throughout the plays, instead of supernatural elements. Because of this, a total individual freedom does not exist in the tragedy, as the characters are restricted by these psychological conditions. The study aims to explore these conditions and for that purpose, Freud?s ideas on this are beneficial.For the study, three plays have been chosen, The Oresteia, Mourning Becomes Electra, and The Family Reunion to make a compare-contrast between the Ancient Greek Drama and Modern American Drama. The study?s importance lies in the fact that, there has been very little emphasis on these plays, by Turkish scholars, and this study suggests an innovative reading for the plays, which is quite different from their traditional fatalistic interpretations. I believe that it would be a useful contribution to the academic field.
The integration of Turks into American culture
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2011) Yıldırım Dayı, Gonca; O'Neil, Mary Lou
The United States has been the land of opportunities and dreams for Turkish settlers since the nineteenth century. Since Turks first began immigrating to the U.S in 1820 almost 300000 Turkish immigrants have arrived in the country according to the immigration and Naturalization Service. This number proves that there has been mass immigration there. Besides this it shows that there are factors which push Turkish settlers to live and work there for an extended period of time. in this study the different waves of Turkish immigration are focused on since the factors which push and pull immigrants are directly related to the time period in which the immigration occurs. Moreover the sociological perception of immigration period in which the immigration occurs. Moreover the sociological perception of immigration this respect settlers' observations of America are applied to the six stages models of assimilation by Elliott Barkan to determine if the Turks have assimilated or integrated into the American way of life.
Islam in the United States after 9
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2016) Aras, Murat; Howlett, Jeffrey Winslow
Michel Foucault, toplum, bireyler, gruplar ve kurumlar arasındaki ilişkiler açısından, düşünce merkezine güç kavramını koyar. (Foucault 1972, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1995). Foucault, kurumların gruplar ve bireyler üzerinde gücünü nasıl uyguladığı ve bireylerin kendi kimliklerini doğrulayarak gücün etkilerine karşı nasıl direnç gösterdiğinden hareketle, gücün kurumların egemenliğinde olan ve birey ve gruplara karşı baskıcı bir şekilde kullanılan bir olgu olarak değerlendirilmesinin yanlış olduğu sonucuna varır. (Foucault 1995, 194). Foucault'ya göre gücün etkileri asla "dışlayan", "bastıran", "sansürleyen", "soyutlayan", "maskeleyen", "gizleyen" gibi olumsuz terimlerle nitelendirilmemelidir. Çünkü Foucault için güç, en radikal biçiminde dahi olumlu etkiler üreten, sadece baskıcı değil aynı zamanda üretken bir kavramdır. (Ibid.) 11 Eylül saldırıları sonrasında Dearborn'daki Müslümanlar yaşadıkları damgalanma, dışlanma, ayrımcılık, önyargı ve şiddete rağmen bireyselliklerini ve öz-farkındalıklarını kazandılar, ve kimliklerini yeni bir seviyeye yükselttiler. Sessiz kalmayı ve Amerikan hayatına asimile olmayı tercih eden bir önceki neslin aksine (Ali-Karamali 2012), yeni nesil Müslümanlar sosyal hayatta aktif roller almaya başladılar. Sık sık "Birleşik Devletlerin İslam Başkenti" olarak adlandırılan bir şehrin ve yeni kurulan Müslüman karşıtı protesto güzergâhında mutlaka ziyaret edilmesi gereken bir çekim merkezinin sakinleri olarak (Denvir 2012), 11 Eylül'ün etkilerine kendi kurumlarını, sosyal hizmet ve medya kanallarını kurmak, ve Şii ve Sünni Müslümanlar olarak farklılıklarına rağmen sosyal ve politik konularda topluca hareket etmek yoluyla direndiler. (Ewing 2008, 6). Sonuç olarak, aday gösterdikleri ilk Müslüman Kent Konseyi Başkanını ve meclis üyelerinin çoğunluğunu seçmeyi başardılar. Time Dergisi, her iki sonucun şehrin karmaşık ırksal tarihi göz önüne alındığında birer kilometre taşı olduğuna inanmaktadır. (Dias 2013). Bu bağlamda, Dearborn'daki Müslümanların 11 Eylül sonrası yaşadıkları gücün olumlu etkilerini ispatlamakta ve Foucault'nun iddialarını doğrulamaktadır.
A Journey To The Terrible Enlightenment in Suzan-Lori Parks' in the Blood and The Fucking A
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2013) Emirsoy, Nalan; Savcigil, Endres Selhan
This thesis will address a comparative investigation of the portrayal of the sin guilt immoral act fault and the search for salvation in the embodiment of the three different female characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter and Suzan-Lori Parks’ plays in the Blood and The Fucking A. Contemporary playwright Suzan-Lori Parks is associated with what is called “revisionary” artistic style in which she believes that revising the history of literature is a tool for constructing the new literature. For this reason she has a tendency to use historical figures and refer to famous old writers within the framework of her “revisionary” and “experimental” theatre. This idea is the reason why understanding Nathaniel Hawthorne’s character of Hester Prynne is pertinent when analyzing the characters Hester La Negrita and Hester Smith within the texts in the Blood and The Fucking A. By revising Nathaniel Hawthorne’s literary character Hester Prynne the thesis also aims to reveal the conflicts and nonsensical behaviors of these characters in order for the readers/audiences to understand the absent rather than the present on stage. -- Abstract'tan.

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