Ekonomi Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/57

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Citation - WoS: 13
Citation - Scopus: 14
Energy-Saving Behavior of Turkish Women: a Consumer Survey on the Use of Home Appliances
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Ucal, Meltem Şengün
This paper focuses on energy-related attitudes and behaviors of Turkish women who are the main users of electrical home appliances responsible for most household energy consumption. Answers from 1323 female respondents surveyed through a unique questionnaire formed the dataset. The results from analysis of variance show that education has a significant effect on the relationship between energy saving and awareness and attitudes about climate change. Significant differences also exist between education level groups in terms of knowledge of the classification of energy-saving electrical home appliances. Responses to questions related to energy-saving purchasing behaviors are consistently higher for knowledgeable respondents. The paper then uses factor analysis and ordinal logit models to reveal interactions between energy-saving behavior regarding electrical home appliances and several factors namely awareness sensitivity essentials and receptiveness. The identification of these factors can provide useful insights for policy makers that enable them to construct energy-saving policies specifically tailored toward women.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 21
Measuring Energy Intensity in Japan: a New Method
(Elsevier, 2017) Zaim, Osman; Gazel, Tuğçe Uygurtürk; Akkemik, K. Ali
Energy intensity and energy conservation have been important pillars of energy policies in Japan. Recently the government has introduced new initiatives to enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy intensity. We analyze the energy intensity in Japan for the period 1973-2006 by proposing a new method which takes into account all other inputs used in production and corrects for the bias in the traditional energy intensity measure. We show that the traditional energy intensity measure has serious flaw. The traditional measure overestimates actual energy intensity before the mid-1980s and largely underestimates afterwards. It is found that aggregate energy intensity has risen remarkably from 1991 to 2001. The main cause of this rise is the rapid rise in energy intensity in manufacturing and energy sectors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
TÜRK İMALAT SANAYİ SERMAYE STOKU TAHMİNİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: 2003-2015
(Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017) Tunçsiper, Bedriye; Gazel, Tuğçe Uygurtürk
En temel üretim girdilerinden biri olarak sermaye, üretimin analizi ve değerlendirilmesi çalışmalarında kritik bir role sahiptir. Diğer girdilerden farklı olarak üretime azalan oranlarda da olsa katkısı bir dönemden fazla olan sermaye girdisinin; bu doğrultuda doğru hesaplanması iktisadi faaliyet kollarının özellikle verimlilik analizi çalışmaları için önemli bir gerekliliktir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Türk imalat sanayi alt sektörlerinde (NACE 2’li kodda) güncel veri seti kullanarak sermaye birikim verisinin oluşturulmasıdır. Çalışmada sermaye stoku (birikimi) hesaplamada genel olarak başvurulan yöntem olan Aralıksız Envanter Yöntemi (AEY)’e başvurulmuştur. 2003-2015 yılları arasında sermaye stok girdisi oluşturulan imalat sanayi alt sektörlerinin her biri için yıllara göre toplam sermaye stoku içindeki değişim oranları ve sıralamaları sunulmuştur
Citation - WoS: 90
Citation - Scopus: 87
The Role of Intangible Assets in Explaining the Investment-Profit Puzzle
(Oxford Univ Press, 2019) Orhangazi, Özgür
Starting around the early 2000s, and especially after the 2008 crisis, the rate of capital accumulation for US nonfinancial corporations has slowed down despite relatively high profitability; indicating a weakening of the link between profitability and investment. While the literature mostly focuses on financialisation and globalisation as the reasons behind this slowdown, I suggest adding another layer to these explanations and argue that, in conjunction with financialisation and globalisation, we need to pay attention to the increased use of intangible assets by nonfinancial corporations in the last two decades. Intangibles such as brand names, trademarks, patents and copyrights play a role in the widening of the profit-investment gap as the use of these assets enables firms to increase market power and profitability without necessarily generating a corresponding increase in fixed capital investment. After discussing the ways nonfinancial corporations use intangible assets, I look at large corporations in the USA and find the following: (i) The ratio of intangible assets to the capital stock increased in general. This increase is highest for firms in high-technology, healthcare, nondurables and telecommunications. (ii) Industries with higher intangible asset ratios have lower investment to profit ratios. (iii) Industries with higher intangible asset ratios have higher markups and profitability. (iv) The composition of the nonfinancial corporate sector has changed and the weight of high-technology and healthcare firms has increased; but this increase did not correspond to an equal increase in their investment share. The decline in the investment share of durables, nondurables and machinery is matched by an increase in the investment share of location-specific industries with low intangible asset use, most notably firms in energy extraction. In general, these firms have steadier markups and higher investment to profit ratios. (v)Yet, intangible-intensive industries' profitability has increased faster than their share of investment or total assets. All in all, these findings are in line with the suggestion that the increased use of intangible assets enables firms to have high profitability without a corresponding increase in investment.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Modeling and Forecasting the Demand for Industrial Roundwood in Turkey: a Primary Econometric Approach
(Wfl Publ, 2012) Kayacan, Bekir; Ucal, Meltem Şengün; Öztürk, Atakan; Bali, Ramazan; Koçer, Sacit; Kaplan, Erdem
This study is a primary econometric analysis to explore the factors explaining the changes in industrial roundwood demand in Turkey. The study also includes demand forecasts based on the econometric models proposed herein. We constructed two separate econometric models: one for national demand for domestically-produced saw log, and the other for national demand for domestically-produced non-sawlog industrial roundwood. Models were originally designed in multiplicative form. The original models are then converted into the log-linear form so that the relevant coefficients of the regression equations would immediately reflect the elasticities. Estimation of the model parameters are based on a panel data set of fifteen years (1995-2009) by twenty seven regional forest directorates in the country. In accordance with the maxim of less than the half of the 15 years period of data set, the demand forecasts are made for seven years beyond 2009. In view of the results, the explanatory power of the proposed models can arguably be deemed satisfactory especially considering the lack of earlier studies of this scale and scope. This consequently increases the credibility of the demand projections. Notwithstanding signs of the estimated parameters of the models are for the most part congruent with those expected in light of the economic theory and practice, some intriguing results are obtained. Perhaps most notably, while the sign of the estimated price elasticity of sawlog demand occurred unexpectedly positive, the variation in sawlog demand is explained to a considerable extent by the variation in the price of imported sawlog, hence an expected cross elasticity. Also notable is that the price of imported "fuelwood" holds a positive relationship with the national demand for domestic non-sawlog imdustrial roundwood, which is an expected cross elasticity since virtually all of the imported "fuelwood" is used as raw material for industry (e.g. chip and fiberboard industry). Finally, both models suggest overall boost in demand: yet an upper bound of 4.5 million m(3) for national demand for domestically-produced sawlog, and of 15 million m(3) for national demand for domestically-produced non-sawlog industrial roundwood can be expected by 2016.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 2
Recent Industrial Policies in Japan
(Springer International Publishing, 2015) Akkemik, K. Ali
Traditional Japanese industrial policies have since the 1990s evolved towards knowledge-based industrial policies. In this chapter we first explain the salient features of both the traditional and knowledge-based industrial policies and compare them from the perspective of the role of the government. Knowledge-based industrial policies emphasize the role of the government as a facilitator and coordinator rather than a guide. Accordingly the policy instruments differ as well. The changing global economic environment in the era of the knowledge economy and the emergence of new regional rivals Korea and China also led to significant changes in policy design and corporate governance styles as well. On the other hand we argue that there is still an influence of the developmental state practices in policy-making. To present a full account of the recent industrial policies in Japan we present the recent changes in the policy-making process as well as the economic mindset with reference to the official documents on industrial policies. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 6
Multi-Player Race
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Dogan, Serhat; Karagozoglu, Emin; Keskin, Kerim; Saglam, Cagri
We present a model of race with multiple players and study players' effort choices and expected prizes in equilibrium. We show that in equilibrium once any two players win one battle each the remaining players do not exert any effort anymore. This turns the continuation game into a two-player race. This is different than the results in previous two-player models of race which report that all states of the game are reached with positive probabilities. We also provide a set of comparative static results on the effects of the number of players and the victory threshold. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 1
Contradictions of Capital Accumulation in the Age of Financialization
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2016) Orhangazi, Özgür
[Abstract Not Available]
A Comprehensive Analysis of Managers Working in the Turkish Tourism Sector
(Cahit AYDEMİR, 2010) Kızıl, Ahmet; Güler, Fazıl; Ceylan, Cengiz; Kızıl, Cevdet; Keskin, Ayşe İrem; Buget, Püren
The primary objective of this paper is to determine whether the present managers of Turkish tourism sector perform their jobs in accordance with their qualifications. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed to managers and responses were evaluated. The secondary purpose of this study is to identify if employees in tourism industry has the required qualifications. Also, if the sector has low efficiency, reasons are investigated. This study uses the survey method. Questionnaires were distributed to 222 managers in the tourism sector, who mainly work in Istanbul and Izmir. 183 managers in accommodation enterprises, 22 managers in travel agencies and 17 managers in food and beverage companies were interviewed face-to-face and questionnaire forms were filled. The survey includes 52 questions that collect information about managers and their organizations. The questionnaires should also test if the managers are in a fitting position and they use their authority properly.
States Banks and Crisis: Emerging Finance Capitalism in Mexico and Turkey
(M.E Sharpe Inc., 2013) Orhangazi, Özgür
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
A Mechanism Design Approach To Allocating Central Government Funds Among Regional Development Agencies
(Springer, 2014) Kıbrıs, Özgür; Tapkı, İpek Gürsel
To allocate central government funds among regional development agencies we look for mechanisms that satisfy three important criteria: efficiency (individual and coalitional) strategy proofness (a.k.a. dominant strategy incentive compatibility) and fairness. We show that only a uniform mechanism satisfies all three. We also show that all efficient and strategy proof mechanisms must function by assigning budget sets to the agencies and letting them freely choose their optimal bundle. In choosing these budget sets the agencies' private information has to be taken into account in a particular way. The only way to additionally satisfy a weak fairness requirement (regions with identical preferences should be treated equally) is to assign all agencies the same budget set as does the uniform mechanism. Finally and maybe more importantly we show that the central government should not impose constraints on how much to fund an activity (e.g. by reserving some funds only for a particular activity): otherwise there are no efficient strategy proof and fair mechanisms no matter how small these constraints are.
İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ SÜRECİNDE EKONOMİDEKİ YENİ KAVRAMLAR VE YAKLAŞIMLAR
(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; An, Nazan; Kurnaz, Levent
İklim değişikliği günümüzde tüm dünya üzerinde etkili olmakla birlikte özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde bölgesel bazda daha önemli etkilere sahip, gelecekte de ekosistem hizmetleri aracılığıyla insanlığı ciddi şekilde tehdit etme potansiyeli bulunan küresel bir sorundur. İklim değişikliğine büyük ölçüde insan aktivitelerinin yol açtığı düşünüldüğünde, iklim değişikliğinde ekonomik aktivitelerin rolünün tartışılmaz olduğu açıktır. Küresel nüfus artışına bağlı olarak ekonomik aktivitelerde de artış yaşanacağı ifade edilmektedir. Özellikle büyüme odaklı ekonomilerde ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması yönünde gerçekleştirilen ve nüfus artışıyla birlikte daha da artacağı düşünülen ekonomik aktivitelere bağlı fosil yakıt tüketimi ve arazi kullanımı değişikliği sonucu atmosferdeki sera gazı konsantrasyonu artmaktadır ve gelecek birkaç on yılda çok daha artması beklenmektedir. Ekonomik büyümenin istikrarlı bir şekilde devam ettirilebilmesi paralelinde doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ekonomik büyümenin hız kesmeden devam edeceğini varsaydığımızda çevresel sınırlamaların varlığını da dikkate almamız ve kaynakları sürdürülebilir hale getirmemiz gerekmektedir. Sürdürülebilir bir kaynak kullanımı da ancak kaynak kullanımının ekonomik büyümeden ayrıklaştırılması yoluyla mümkün görünmektedir ve bu kavram küresel kaynak akışı paralelinde dikkat edilmesi gereken bir kavram olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamız bu temel üzerine kurulmuştur. Makale, ayrıklaştırmanın önemini vurgulamakta ve ayrıklaştırmayı her yönüyle ele almaktadır. Ayrıklaştırmanın nasıl ölçüldüğü ve ayrıklaştırma sürecinin nasıl izlenmesi gerektiği incelenerek, ayrıklaştırma açısından gelişmiş ülke ve gelişmekte olan ülke farklılıkları ve iklim değişikliği kapsamında ayrıklaştırma süreci değerlendirilmiştir.
Kalkınma, Kapitalizmin Mantığı ve Eşit Olmayan Gelişme
(İ.Ü. İktisat Fakültesi Mezunları Cemiyeti, 2011) Orhangazi, Özgür
Kapitalizm, ortaya çıkışından bu yana dünya üzerinde eşit olmayan bir gelişme üretmiştir. İlk başlarda, kapitalizmin ortaya çıktığı bölgeler ve bunların uzantılarıyla dünyanın geri kalanı arasında kurulan ilişkilerin yarattığı eşit olmayan gelişme dinamikleri, sistemin mantığı tarafından sürekli yeniden üretilmektedir. Dünyanın belirli yerlerinde ortaya çıkan iktisadi gelişme, çoğu zaman başka bölgelerde ‘azgelişme’ yaratmaktadır. Gerek 1980 öncesinin devletçi kalkınma politikaları gerekse daha sonra devreye sokulan neoliberal politikalar, ‘azgelişmiş’ ülkelerin ‘gelişmiş’ ülkeler seviyesine ulaşmasını sağlayamamıştır. Gerçek anlamda bir kalkınmadan söz edebilmek için bu piyasacı/devletçi kalkınma ikileminden koparak yeni bir paradigmanın arayışı içerisine girilmesi ve hem iktisadi hem de insani kalkınmanın sermayenin ihtiyaç ve kararlarının insafına bırakılmaması gerekmektedir.
Citation - WoS: 34
Citation - Scopus: 45
Income Inequality and Fdi: Evidence With Turkish Data
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; Haug, Alfred Albert; Bilgin, Mehmet Hüseyin
This article explores how foreign direct investment (FDI) and other determinants impact income inequality in Turkey in the short- and long-run. We apply the nonlinear auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) modelling approach which is suitable for small samples. The data for the study cover the years from 1970 to 2008. The empirical results indicate the existence of a co-integration relationship among the variables with asymmetric adjustment of the income distribution in the short- and long-run. The negative impact of FDI on the Gini coefficient decreasing income inequality is statistically significant in the short- and long-run though with a quantitatively small impact in both cases. In the short run GDP growth increases inequality initially an effect that is reversed in the next period increases in domestic gross capital formation decreases inequality and increases in the literacy rate have very minor adverse effects on income equality. However in the long run these variables have no statistically significant effects on the Gini coefficient. A reduction in the population growth rate reduces inequality in the short run but has no effect in the long run whereas an increase in the rate reduces inequality in the long run but has no effect in the short run.
Inflation Targeting Framework: Leading Indicator Variables of Inflation in Turkey
(Çukurova Üniv. Sosyal Bil. Enst., 2005) Alıcı, Aslı; Ucal, Meltem Şengün
Türkiye’de esnek döviz kuru uygulamasına geçilmesinin ardından, para politikasının ne şekilde uygulanacağı sorusu önemini korumaktadır. Yeni bir para politikası uygulaması olarak enflasyon hedeflemesine geçilmesi diğer bir ifade ile nominal çapa olarak belirlenen enflasyon hedefinin kullanılması, uygulamada güvenirlik derecesi yüksek enflasyon tahmin modellerinin oluşturulmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki enflasyon olgusuna ilişkin gösterge değişkenlerin saptanmasına yöneliktir. Enflasyon hedeflemesine geçilebilmesi için gerekli ön koşulların ortaya konulmasının ardından, enflasyon üzerinde belirleyici (gösterge niteliğinde) olan değişkenler, VAR analiziyle belirlenmiştir. VAR modeline karşı yapılan eleştirilere rağmen enflasyon modellemesi için VAR analizinin seçilmesinde, bu analiz tekniğinin yapısal model üzerinde herhangi bir kısıtlama gerektirmeksizin dinamik ilişkileri verebilmesi ve hangi değişkenin içsel hangi değişkenin dışsal olduğuna karar verme zorluğunun yaşanmamasıdır. Enflasyon hedefinin geleceğe yönelik olmasından dolayı tahmin modellerinde ileriye dönük belirleyici nitelikteki değişkenlere büyük ağırlık verilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, çalışma diğer politika araçları ve geliştirilecek yeni enflasyon serileri ile genişletilebilecek belirleyici göstergeler bazında bir ön model çalışması olarak değerlendirilmelidir.
Citation - WoS: 31
Citation - Scopus: 36
Competition and Monopoly in the U.s. Economy: What Do the Industrial Concentration Data Show?
(Sage Publications, 2021) Davis, Leila; Orhangazi, Özgür
A recent series of academic studies, think-tank reports, and news articles shows widespread attention to rising industrial concentration and market power in the U.S. economy. In this paper, we focus on concentration in the U.S. nonfinancial corporate sector to make three contributions to the literature. First, we use examples from the debate on industrial concentration to show that there are often-divergent predictions in the theoretical literature surrounding the expected consequences of concentration and monopolization for nonfinancial firms. Second, we use industry-level concentration data to describe recent trends in average concentration. We show that, while concentration increases across the majority of industries after the late 1990s, the retail and information-services sectors are particularly key for understanding recent trends in average industrial concentration. Third, we link our industry-level analysis with firm-level data to describe the relationship between industrial concentration and nonfinancial corporations' profitability, markups, and investment. Consistent with the ambiguities in the theoretical literature, we find that these relationships are not uniform: while some highly concentrated industries confirm standard expectations with high markups, high profitability, and low investment rates, other highly concentrated industries earn lower-than-average markups and profits, suggesting that - in some industries - increased concentration and intensified competition may go hand in hand.
Citation - WoS: 14
Citation - Scopus: 15
Sabotage in Team Contests
(Springer, 2019) Dogan, Serhat; Keskin, Kerim; Saglam, Cagri
In the contest literature sabotage is defined as a deliberate and costly activity that damages the opponent's likelihood of winning the contest. Most of the existing results suggest that anticipating a possible sabotage contestants would be discouraged from exerting high efforts. In this paper we investigate the act of sabotage in a team contest wherein team members exert costly efforts as a contribution to their team's aggregate effort which in turn determines the contest's outcome. For the baseline model with no sabotage there exists a corner equilibrium implying a free-rider problem in each team. As for the model with sabotage our characterization of Nash equilibrium reveals two important results: (i) a unique interior equilibrium exists so that the free-rider problem no longer is a concern and (ii) the discouragement effect of sabotage vanishes for some players. On top of those conclusions we investigate the team owner's problems of prize allocation and team formation with the objective being to maximize his team's winning probability.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 16
Detecting Structural Changes Using Wavelets
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2015) Yazgan, M. Ege; Ozkan, Harun
We propose a powerful wavelet method to identify structural breaks in the mean of a process. If there is a structural change in the mean the sum of the squared scaling coefficients absorbs more variation leading to unequal weights for the variances of the wavelet and scaling coefficients. We use this feature of wavelets to design a statistical test for changes in the mean of an independently distributed process. We establish the limiting null distribution of our test and demonstrate that our test has good empirical size and substantive power relative to the existing alternatives especially for multiple breaks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
Ethnic Fractionalization Conflict and Educational Development in Turkey
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Oyvat, Cem; Tekgüç, Hasan
We examine the impact of ethnic fractionalization and conflict on limiting the educational development in Southeastern Turkey. Our estimates show that although the armed conflict in the region did not directly hinder education investments it reduced school enrolment rates at middle and high school levels while increasing enrolment at the primary school level. Moreover we show that provinces with higher percentages of Kurdish population received less education investment. These results suggest that the neglect of Kurdish areas is an important factor behind Southeastern Turkey's educational underdevelopment while land inequality and the armed conflict had mixed effects on education in the region.
Citation - WoS: 24
Citation - Scopus: 25
Declining Poverty and Inequality in Turkey: the Effect of Social Assistance and Home Ownership
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Tekgüç, Hasan
Social assistance has become prominent in combating poverty in developing countries and has also contributed to the popularity and election success of governments implementing it. In this paper I employ household surveys and investigate the effect of social assistance on poverty and income inequality in Turkey. I also review the recent literature on poverty as well as different components of social protection spending: education health pensions and housing. In the empirical analysis I show that pensions still constitute the bulk of public transfers to households. Moreover home ownership ameliorates poverty and inequality for Turkey. Despite its modest amounts social assistance reduces poverty and its marginal effect on income inequality is larger than other income sources. These findings suggest that increases in social assistance budgets should accompany other policy measures in combating poverty and inequality.

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