Halkla İlişkiler ve Tanıtım Bölümü Koleksiyonu
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Article Publishing Leaked Information as News: Sabotage or Journalistic Success?(2013) Baybars Hawks, Banu; Smith, Ayten GorgunThis article aims to analyse the universal news criteria regarding the transformation of information into news. In February 2013 the transcript of a meeting between 3 pro-Kurdish deputies and the jailed leader of the PKK (the Kurdistan Workers Party) was leaked to the Turkish press. This was published in Milliyet a national Turkish newspaper and has been interpreted as a forceful move to sabotage the positive atmosphere surrounding Turkey's latest efforts with the PKK to end a conflict that has lasted more than three decades andresulted in the deaths of almost 36000 people. The rationale for the leak was that although Turkey was going through a delicate time there were questions that needed to be answered but questions still remain: Who leaked the document and why and how? The media has been divided about whether the publishing of the leaked transcript represented an effort to sabotage the peace attempts with the PKK or whether it marked a moment of journalistic success. What ethical stance should be taken about the leak? Should the journalist have reported it in the name of professionalism in terms of 'informing the public' or should he have exercised restraint out of respect for the 'security of the state'? This article will examine those issues through an analytical approach and discuss the related attitudes of the foreign press.Conference Object (mis)communication Across the Borders: Politics Media and Public Opinion in Turkey(International Institute of Informatics and Systemics IIIS, 2015) Baybars Hawks, BanuDuring the 1990s advances in statistical and demographic analysis helped the development of an understanding of public opinion as the collective view of a defined population such as a particular demographic or ethnic group. In this view the influence of public opinion is not restricted to politics and elections. Public opinion is considered a powerful force in many other spheres such as culture fashion literature and the arts consumer spending and marketing and public relations. Attitudes and values play a crucial role in the development of public opinion. Different variables embedded in the political social and media structure of the country also have potential to make an impact on public opinion. These dynamics vary from the economics to the judicial system and democratic principles functioning in that country. On the other hand public opinion has a power to shape politics and media's priorities in reporting. The interaction among politics public opinion and media of one country can be better analyzed with the findings of public opinion research administered regularly. In Turkey the research on and analysis of public opinion are most frequent during the election times. Therefore it seems necessary to measure the public opinion more regularly to test the relationships among political public and media agendas. Accordingly the current study seeks to fill this gap. It is argued that in the absence of timely feedback from public surveys decisions and policies for improving different services and institutions functioning in the country might not achieve their expected goal. The findings of surveys may not only yield important insights into public's opinion regarding contemporary agendas of the country but also into the correlates shaping public policies. This article focuses on variables setting the current agenda in Turkey. For that purpose two surveys were carried out in December of 2014 and consecutively in April 2015 to determine the social and political trends and perceptions on gender issues in Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 16Making Transnational Publics: Circuits of Censorship and Technologies of Publicity in Kurdish Media Circulation(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Koçer Çamurdan, SuncemKurdish media producers who interweave social and political agendas with their filmmaking are often marginalized within Turkish media worlds. Impeded by national censorship these filmmakers move between national and transnational media worlds to advance their cinematic work. Such movement helps them create and maintain transnational publics that reinforce circulation of their media texts. Here I analyze how a documentary film about a seminomadic Kurdish community moves through international screening venues. As it journeys through film festivals in Europe its director Kazim oz accompanies it and through deliberate discourse attempts to increase and accelerate the film's transnational circulation. I explore the ways that oz discursively globalizes his film relates it to festival audiences flags the politics of Kurdish media production and seeks to construct a European public sensitive to the plight of Turkey's Kurds.Conference Object Public Opinion in Turkey: Social and Political Implications of Recent Trends(Int Business Information Management Assoc-Ibima, 2018) Baybars Hawks, BanuThis study reveals what the public thinks about current issues in Turkey, and whether the recent trends have any reflections on social, political, and cultural structure of the country. The data collected with this research provide important insights into public's opinion regarding current and potential issues in Turkey, and also guide policymakers in shaping the public policies. The outputs of this study may also encourage scholars and researchers from different fields and backgrounds to study and discuss public opinion with its complex dynamics and milieu of dimensions. This research delivers some of the most evocative and current issues in Turkey; the most important current problems, the economy, terror, the Kurdish issue, government and opposition parties' evaluations, political vacuum, institutional evaluations, political polarization/judicial system, democracy and social relations/change in Turkey. According to the survey, the Turkish public views "terrorism" as the most important problem facing the country. The most critical economic issues are determined as unemployment, depreciation of the Turkish lira. In addition to these, foreign policy approval rate and support for EU membership increased. While the media was again the least trusted institution, trust in institutions generally increased.Article Citation - Scopus: 28Encountering Difference and Radical Democratic Trajectory: an Analysis of Gezi Park as Public Space(Routledge, 2015) İnceoğlu, İremSummer 2013 was a historic period in regards to political activism in Turkey. Commonly referred to as ‘the Gezi Resistance’ the grass-roots mobilisation caught the rather self-assured AKP (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) government off guard as hundreds of thousands rushed to the streets squares and parks to reclaim those spaces publicly. The resistance started with the attempt by a handful of environmentalists to protect a few trees being cut down in central Istanbul. Then it quickly moved beyond just about protecting a few trees and became a collective reaction to the recent and ongoing urban modelling projects that would turn commons into gated spaces for consumption. Significantly the Gezi Resistance which reclaimed public spaces started to mobilise multiple identity groups who entered into the political arena in the radical democratic sense. This paper aims to scrutinise Gezi Resistance and the occupation of the park in relation to reclaiming public spaces and the politics of identity hence as an opportunity for a radical democratic emancipation. In this context emancipation refers to contestation against the dominating discourses of the majoritarian government with neoconservative tendencies. Public space is contextualised as the agonistic domain that enables individuals both to appear hence become visible for a possible interaction and acknowledgement and join collaborative struggles against dominant discourses. In this regard performing dissent re-produces subjectivities while articulating these to one another also requires a public space. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Article Halkla İlişkiler Anlayışıyla Bütünleşik Pazarlama İletişimi(İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2009) Tunçel, HakanPazarlama iletişimi etkinliklerinde halkla ilişkiler disiplininin önemi yıllar boyu genellikle ikincil dere‐ cede görüldü. Pazarlama karmasındaki tanıtım ayağı, ağırlıklı olarak reklamdan oluşuyordu. Halkla ilişkiler, ürünlerle ilgili basında haberlerin yayınlanması ihtiyacı olduğunda hatırlanan sadece ekstra bir tanıtım aracıydı. Halkla ilişkilerin ağırlıkla kurumsal iletişimden sorumlu olduğu kabul edilirdi. 1990’lı yıllarda dünyadaki siyasi, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte pazarlamacılar sadece kitlesel reklamla pazarlama hedeflerine ulaşmalarının artık oldukça zor olduğunu kavradılar. Müşteri‐ lerle uzun vadeli ilişkiler kurulması ve sürdürülmesi için halkla ilişkilerin kendine özgü kolaylaştırıcı özellikleri daha çok kullanılmaya başlandı. Ürün markası iletişiminde, halkla ilişkilere duyulan ihtiya‐ cın artmasıyla Pazarlama Amaçlı Halkla İlişkiler (Marketing PR) alanı doğdu. Bu dönemde ortaya çıkan, tek bir mesaj ve ortak hedefler doğrultusunda, tüketicilerle bütün temas noktalarında buluşarak, bütün iletişim araçlarının uzun vadeli birbiriyle uyumlu yönetilmesi yaklaşımı olan bütünleşik pazar‐ lama iletişiminin şekillenmesinde halkla ilişkiler disiplininin önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu maka‐ lede, pazarlama iletişiminin kavramsal çerçevesi ve bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi yaklaşımının geli‐ şimi özetlenerek, bütünleşik pazarlama iletişiminde halkla ilişkiler anlayışının etkileri tartışılmış ve ikincil verilere dayanılarak Alo deterjan markasının ‘Süper Anne’ isimli kampanyası yorumlanmıştır. Bu kampanyanın halkla ilişkiler anlayışındaki bütünleşik pazarlama iletişiminin karakteristik unsurla‐ rını taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.Conference Object Digital Citizenship From Below: Turkish State Versus Youtube(Int Business Information Management Assoc-Ibima, 2018) Baybars Hawks, Banu; Akser, MuratThis study aims to give a historically situated analysis of the YouTube ban as seen by Turkish internet users during the first YouTube ban period between 2007-10. The content is used from online Turkish anonymous user platform, eksi sozluk, (sour dictionary). The aim is to test whether there is a civil society response to the ban which political elites and ordinary citizens contest the necessity of access to global social media networks. The main focus of this research paper is the kinds of discourse the Turkish online community used to protest the ban during the first YouTube ban. Through a combination content analysis and discourse analysis the bloggers reactions are coded and indexed to decipher the discourse produced as an active resistance/criticism against the YouTube. The response to YouTube ban that come from Turkish internet users (from below) and was critical in times of global events effecting the usage of internet and was not silenced between these events. As long as they remained anonymous (not organized action) Turkish bloggers utilized their rights for online expression. Frequency of critical blog entries increase in times of events critical of government's YouTube ban. The response to the ban is either based on condemning it or offering ways around the ban; but not calling for united action. Anonymity of the user increases the level of criticism and participation. Finally, both the government authorities and NGOs expect individual action but demand organized corporate actionArticle Domestik Etnografi Örneği Olarak Ben Uçtum Sen Kaldın(Hacettepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2015) Koçer Çamurdan, SuncemIn what ways does documentary camera with its unique capacity to disentangle reality penetrate and reconstruct history? At the intersections of history and memory and of family and self, how do documentary narratives crafted through the pursuit of personal life stories, longed family members, and childhood recollections contest hegemonic ideologies about identity? This article focuses on I Flew You Stayed (2012) by Mizgin Müjde Arslan as a reflexive narrative of tracing longed family members and occult life stories. As Arslan searches for her family history to fill out painful gaps in her life journey through documentary practice, she ends up uncovering a restless history construed by ideologies that silence counter-hegemonic voices in unique ways.Article Halkla İlişkiler Perspektifinden Kurumsal Vatandaşlık Anlayışına Bir Bakış(Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2011) Tunçel, HakanIn our contemporary world, especially for big companies, the notion of corporate responsibility conscience has been pretty important to gain and sustain reputation in the eyes of their stakeholders. Many companies have been trying to express how they care about corporate citizenship practices which are allegedly the natural parts of their business plans or their corporate philosophies in different ways. Even though the term of corporate citizenship has emerged in management literature dealing with the social role of companies, it has been recently a prominent part of public relations practices and literature. In this article, firstly corporate citizenship notion is reviewed, then the relation between public relations and corporate citizenship is discussed theoretically with the help of some examples from business life, and it is tried to be shown how these two concepts overlapped each other.Conference Object A Country Under Siege: Reflection of Identity Crisis on the Formation of Public Opinion in Turkey(Int Business Information Management Assoc-IBIMA, 2016) Baybars Hawks, BanuTo date academic attention in social sciences remains inadequate with regard to research and analysis of public opinion in Turkey. Most of the existing research has assessed the public opinion during political election periods. Therefore it is of great interest to find out what the public thinks about current issues in the country and how to interpret the results to be able to reveal whether they may have any reflections on social political and cultural structure of the country. The current study aims to fill this gap. The research on political and social trends in Turkish public opinion has been conducted since 2010 by Kadir Has University Turkey Research Center. The survey's objective is to reveal public opinion on the most important current issues in the country the economy terror the Kurdish Issue domestic and foreign policies the judicial system democracy and the media and social relations/life in Turkey. The data was collected via face to face interviews. The sample included 1000 respondents representative of the country's population aged 18 and above residing in the city centers of 26 cities in Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Invented Myths in Contemporary Turkish Political Advertising(Springer, 2016) Koçer Çamurdan, Suncem; Yalkın, ÇağrıThis article focuses on the November 2015 elections in Turkey and analyzes the discourses embedded in the political campaign videos produced and circulated by the Justice and Development Party (ruling party since 2002) Republican People's Party (first political party of the republic) People's Democratic Party (main vehicle of the Kurdish politics) and Nationalist Movement Party (ethno-nationalist party). Republic of Turkey's construction in the national imagination over the past 90 years have both rested on and reproduced a range of themes which are themselves based on recently invented nationalist myths such as the common enemy the multicultural mosaic order and progress fight against imperialism the break from the Ottoman empire and Turkey as bridge between east-and-west. Hence we argue that regardless of their severely diverse stance on key issues in the political realm all the political parties use the hegemony's myths as tools in their advertisements therefore reifying these themes in the public imagination.Conference Object Digital Crime and Punishment: Turkish Online Journalism Under Siege(International Institute of Informatics and Systemics IIIS, 2012) Baybars Hawks, BanuTurkish mass media since its beginnings in late 19th century has aimed to gain its role as the fourth estate in Turkish political scene. The freedom of press has been at the paramount of discussions since the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Between 1980 and 2000 Turkish media grew more and more liberal and was able to express discontent publicly exercising its checks and balances function. On the other hand the conservative majority of AKP government the governing party in Turkey brought back pressures on the Turkish media since the 2000s. Digital media as the new developing platform in Turkey for expressing rights and freedoms is under siege by government as well. The government's definition of digital crime and punishment is mostly unnoticed by the average citizen but despised by the young population. This paper intends to show the invalidity of disproportionate use of punishment and illegitimate definition of cybercrime in contemporary democratic systems that target online media professionals and outline how Turkish authorities can reverse the process by adopting alternative strategies of prevention. Under this perspective it also assesses the compliance of Internet legislation and practices in Turkey with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.Article Citation - WoS: 4Framing the Russian Aircraft Crisis: News Discourse in Turkey's Polarized Media Environment(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2018) Özçetin, Burak; Baybars Hawks, BanuThis article analyzes the way in which the downing of a Russian aircraft by a Turkish F-16 jet on 24 November 2015 was framed by pro-government (Turkiye Yeni Akit Yeni Safak) and anti-government (Cumhuriyet) newspapers. Framing means selecting some aspects of a perceived reality and making them more salient in a communicating text. News frames give us definitions and identify those responsible for an event make moral judgements, and propose solutions to problems. The analysis of the news frames utilized by four newspapers underlines the fact that in a polarized media environment news frames are highly politicized and the distinction between news frames and official discourse is frequently blurred.Book Review Digital Transformations in Turkey: Current Perspectives in Communication Studies(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) İnceoğlu, İrem[Abstract Not Available]Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 4Exploring the City: Perceiving Istanbul Through Its Cultural Productions(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Şenova, BaşakThis essay explores the role of Istanbul's 'cultural productions' as components of the city's structure and texture. Istanbul is a city of tensions generated by its countless conflicting and divergent flows which are constantly influenced by socio-economic political and cultural fusions and confusions. It is constantly expanding both horizontally and vertically as evidenced by its central and peripheral settlements illegal dwellings and squatted lands. With each and every new inhabitant further cumulative cultural input is added to the city which also blends social exclusion and transgression (together with axiomatic de facto regulations). The city 'operates' as a jumbled mode of excessive informationArticle Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 7From Ayran To Dragon Fruit Smoothie: Populism, Polarization, and Social Engineering in Turkey(USC Annenberg Press, 2020) Karaosmanoğlu, DefneFood embedded with symbolic meaning has power in politics. Food as political communication is extensively studied as a nation branding and public diplomacy tool. However, academic studies seem to overlook the role that food plays in populism and political polarization. Pointing out a gap in the field, I explore the role of culinary culture in Turkish politics between 2013 and 2019 to demonstrate its polarizing effect and its role in social engineering. I argue that social engineering as part of constructing native/national culinary items, efforts to polarize people through an AKP-sanctioned culinary tradition, and the particulars of the palace menu, are at once contradictory and consistent. Despite government efforts to appeal to average people and to polarize the public both by replacing alcohol with native/national and familiar ayran and grape juice, and by distributing asure to the people, branded with the symbol of the presidency, the palace kitchen has also invoked the neo-Ottoman exotic by serving dragon fruit smoothie and chia seeds.Conference Object New Media's Influence on Societies: the Conflict Between Government and Public in Turkey(Int Business Information Management Assoc-IBIMA, 2016) Baybars Hawks, BanuThe media in Turkey has long been under the surveillance of government economically and politically. Turkish mass media since its foundation in the late 19th century has aimed to gain its role as the fourth estate in the Turkish political scene. During the period between 1980 and 2000 Turkish media grew more and more liberal and was able to express discontent publicly exercising its checks and balances function. After 2000 under the governance of Justice and Development Party (AKP) the media began to be the subject of widespread pressures. Digital media as a developing platform in Turkey for expressing rights and freedoms got its share by the government's restrictions as well. Since the uncontrollability of the new media posed another threat for the stability of governments attempts on restricting it became a regular practice in many parts of the world. This study claims that the restrictions imposed on new media violate both freedom of expression and free speech and this leads to a weakening of democracy. The banning of social networking sites such as YouTube Google Sites and others raises questions about the functionality of democracy since these platforms provide a venue that is widely used around the world to express alternative and dissenting views. Blocking access to websites also represents a serious infringement on freedom of speech and does not befit a democratic society.Conference Object Deepening Polarization in Turkish Society: the Impact of Political Actors on Public Opinion(Int Business Information Management ASSOC-IBIMA, 2017) Hawks, Banu BaybarsRecent research shows that polarization trends are on the rise in Turkey (Konda 2010; BILGESAM 2014: Erdogan 2016: Kadir Has University Turkey Research Center 2017). There are different patterns of polarization in Turkish social and political structure, while its consequences reveal themselves in the political rhetoric, media discourse and voting behavior. There is not much research done in social sciences with regard to the research of polarization and its underlying factors in Turkey. To be able to assess the impact of polarization on the lives of Turkish citizens, the research community may need to focus on the role of different variables influencing the public opinion on this issue. Accordingly, the current study seeks to fill the gap in the social sciences literature in English on social and political trends in Turkey which may be perceived to be very different by other nations. Research on political and social trends in Turkish public opinion has been conducted since 2010 by Kadir Has University Turkey Research Center. The survey's objective is to reveal public opinion on the most important current issues in the country; politics, economics; foreign policy; Kurdish issue; terror; 156 July Coup Attempt; identities and social Relations; change in Turkey, and voter preferences. The data was collected via face to face interviews. The sample included 1000 respondents, representative of the country's population, aged 18 and above, residing in the city centers of 26 cities in Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 4Do Foreigners Count? Internationalization of Presidential Campaigns(Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Sevin, Efe; Uzunoğlu, SarphanThe U.S. presidential elections always attract the attention of foreign audienceswho despite not being able to vote choose to follow the campaigns closely. For a post that is colloquially dubbed as the Leader of the Free World it is not unexpected to see such an interest coming from nonvoters. Mimicking almost hosting a megaevent the elections increase the media coverage on the United States thus making the elections a platform to communicate with the rest of the world and to influence the reputation of the country or its nation brand. This study postulates that the increasing adoption of social media by campaigns as well as ordinary users increase the symbolic importance of presidential elections for foreign audiences in two ways. First foreign audiences no longer passively follow the campaign but rather present their input to sway the American public opinion through social media campaigns. Second foreign audiences are exposed to a variety of messages ranging from official campaigns to late-night comedy shows to local grassroots movements. The audiences both enjoy a more in-depth understanding of the elections campaigns and are exposed to alternative political views. In this study the 2016 U.S. presidential elections are positioned as a megaevent that can influence the American nation brand. Through a comparative content and network analyses of messages disseminated over social media in the United Kingdom Turkey Canada and Venezuela the nation branding-related impacts of election campaigns are investigated.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 5Understanding Soft Power Through Public Diplomacy İn Contrasting Polities(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Sevin, Efe[Abstract Not Available]
